1. The only group of Ecdysozoa that we cover in detail is the Arthropoda. There are...

1. The only group of Ecdysozoa that we cover in detail is the Arthropoda. There are several other groups of Ecdysozoa (e.g., Nematoda, Onychophora, Nematomorpha, Rotifera), but they are nowhere near as diverse, abundant and successful as the Arthropoda. What single characteristic of the Arthropoda appears to account for their success, diversity, and abundance?

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Expert Solution

Arthropods are the most abundant, diverse and successful living being on the earth. According to the scholarly studies, the species of arthropods ranges between 4 to 6 million.

The meaning of word successful includes the following features: a large number of species, presence of good defensive mechanisms, a wide variety of habitat, consumption of a wide variety of food.

To be successful, nature gave a unique tool to arthropods called an exoskeleton.

The exoskeleton consists of two layers: 1. Outer layer Epicuticle 2. The layer beneath Procuticle.

Epicuticle serves as the main barrier against microorganisms, chemicals and water loss. It is made up of lipoproteins covered with a wax layer.

This layer consists of phenoloxidase( inactive precursor) as a defence mechanism. These inactive precursors become activated if the cuticle exposed to microorganism or other harmful substances. This activation converts(oxidize) tyrosine and other phenols into quinones. Quinones are highly reactive and toxic for microorganisms.

Procuticle is made up of an acetylglucosamine polymer called chitin and some other proteins. Invagination of this layer provides the points for the attachment of muscles. It also acts as a barrier against chemicals. It is a hard layer. The hardness of this layer is because of sclerotization. During sclerotization, the cross-linking occurs between the layers of protein results in hardening of layers and pigmentation (darkens).

Collectively both layers make the exoskeleton of arthropods, a unique tool that is the main reason for their abundance and diversity.

Exoskeleton goes under modification to facilitate gas exchange and formation of joints.

Exoskeleton facilitates the following functions:

A. Serves as a framework that supports the body.

B. Serves as a protective measure.

C. Serves as a barrier against water loss.

It is a unique tool that is one of the major features that account for the arthropods success, diversity and abundance.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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