Question

One major concern about the future is that water scarcity will grow, particularly in arid regions where precipitation levels may be reduced by climate change. Will our institutions provide for an efficient response to this problem? To think about this issue, let’s consider groundwater extraction over time using the two-period model as our lens.

Question 1

Suppose the groundwater comes from a well you have drilled upon your land that taps an aquifer that is not shared with anyone else. Would you have an incentive to extract the water efficiently over time? Why or why not?

Answer 1

Improving ground water monitoring and management are the main issues which human communities faced. Our institutions improve the ground water management through avoiding the floor sealing and making rain pits. Through industrialisation there is huge exploitation of ground water resources. Agricultural and urban use of aquifers in dry seasons lead to the mining of and this leads to depletion of the water reservoirs. This huge mining affect the infrastructure, changes in flooding risk and loss of water storage capacity. There is efficient water management system can resolve these problems. There are several extraction methods used. Using driller will take deep pits like well in short time period. With respect to time the extraction level changed. There is huge demand for water in summer season. That time the extraction level increased. This will affect the buildings near to the extraction point. During rainy season, the ground level becomes distracted. Continuous raining will affect the ground level. So the extraction of ground may affect positively and negatively. Ground extraction in summer season is the positive effect and in winter season it becomes negative. Over extraction will affect the food security and agricultural profits.
There is several incentives to extract the water efficiently. More efficient technologies should implement. This new technologies will enhance the productivity. Policy subsidising in the extraction process. Providing water efficiently in dry land during summer season. Low cost extraction will helps to avoid the financial burden in middle class family.