Question

Question 1

What was the earliest forms of care available to women?

	Midwifery.
	Hospitalization..
	Home health care.
	Clinic care.
	None of the above.

Question 2

Lay midwives have remained in existence because they:

	Use special sterilization techniques.
	Act as emotional coaches for pregnant women.
	Deliver babies in the home.
	Move in with the patient during her third trimester.
	None of the above.

Question 3

Modern medical treatment has come to involve a variety of health professionals.

	True
	False

Question 4

Technical knowledge employed in health occupations (other than medicine) needs to be approved by:

	Occupation organization (e.g. AMA)
	The government.
	Patients.
	Physicians.
	None of the above.

Question 5

More than ten million people in the U.S. are employed in non-physician health care tasks.

	True
	False

Answer 1

1. midwifery is the first care provided for women. in many other wealthy industrialized countries, including the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Japan, midwives attend most births and far outnumber obstetricians. The difference has its roots in history. Midwives attended almost all births in the American colonies, practicing from their homes and passing the skills they had brought from Britain from one woman to another informally. West African midwives came to America as slaves and attended the births of both black and white women in the antebellum South. After emancipation, African-American midwives continued to take care of both black and white poor women in most rural parts of the South, where they were referred to as “granny midwives.” American Indian tribes had their own birth traditions.

Unlike in Europe and the British Isles, where midwifery laws were national, in America, midwifery laws were local and varied widely.

Medicine did not become professionalized in the U.S. until the last half of the 1800s. When it did, it did so in a spirit of competition. By the beginning of the 20th century, midwives attended only about half of all births in the U.S., and physicians attended the other half.

A series of events between 1910 and 1920 set the stage for doctors to usurp the traditional role of the midwife and laid the foundation for a pathology-oriented medical model of childbirth in this country.

2. Community midwife, independent midwife Obstetrics A lay midwife who may have had little formal training or recognized professional education in midwifery, who learned by accompanying doctors or midwife's attending home births; Lay Midwife became active in the counterculture movement of the 1970s and are the main attendants at home.

3. True. Modern medical treatment use the latest research to combat disease. Some of the examples are personalized medicine, stem cell treatment, orthomolecular medicine and more.

4. Physicians approve the technical knowledge employed in health occupations.
Four characteristics features that account for physician subordinate position in the practice of medicine:
1.Technical knowledge of health occupations must be approved by physicians
2. These workers usually assist physicians in their work rather than replace the skills of diagnosis and treatment
3. Their work largely occurs at the "request of" the physician
4.Among the various occupational roles in the health field, physicians have the greatest prestige.