Question

1. Discuss administration of enteric-coated tablets.

2. Discuss preparation and administration of medication in an ampule.

3. Explain the nursing responsibilities after a medication error.

4. Discuss administration of nitroglycerin patch.

5. Explain the implications of taking herbal supplements.

6. Discuss the steps in the administration of otic drops in both adult and pediatric patients.

7. Discuss the steps in using a metered-dose inhaler.

8. Explain vitamin K deficiency. List the drugs contraindicated to patients with vitamin K  

deficiency.

9. Discuss the therapeutic effects of expectorants.

10. Discuss agranulocytosis. List the clinical manifestations of agranulocytosis and the  

laboratory tests that should be monitored.

11. List the causes and signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity.

Answer 1

1

• .Enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed. they should be taken whole.
• drink about 250ml of water with the tablet
• do not chew the tablet

Do not lie down immediately after taking the medicne. wait for at least 10 - 20 minutes

2.

• With the fingers tap the top of the ampule if any medicine is present on the head of the ampule
• with the gauze pad apply pressure on scored area, the break ring or neck of the ampule, remove the head of the ampule
• remove the ncap of the needle and placed the needle in the opening of the ampule making sure that the needle does not touch the outer surface of the ampule
• load the medicine in the syringe
• Expel air if any in the syringe by gently tapping on the sides of the syringe and push the air out.
• Filter the syringe in a single direction filter needle

3. The nurse has to fill the medication error sheet . the informtaion in the sheets are

• the name of the nurse who is responsible for the medication error
• Patients name, hospital number, department,
• The time and date of the incident, type and the cause of the error
• how the medication error has affected the patient
• Intervention and treament given to the patient after the error
• name of the supervisor or physician notified
• mention the date and time with the signature.

4

• follows physician instruction regarding the dosage, timing and application of the patch
• discard the previously used patch before applying a new one
• perform hand hygiene before and after application of the patch
• Apply the new patch to the clean, dry hairless area with no rashes , scare irritation .
• Do not apply the patch in the same area always, change the skin area to prevent from skin irritation

5

• use of herbal supplement has many benefits but it also comes with risk including potential contamination of the produt,potential toxicity,unknown drug -herb rinteraction,

6

• perform hand hygiene
• explain the procedue
• check the name , dose , frequency of the ear drops
• ask patient to sit in and upright position with head tilted away from the affect side or lie on his side with the affected ear up
• pull the aerlob out and up
• administer the ear drops by placing the dropper just above the ear
• wash hands and clean and replace all the article used
• Advice the patient to be still for atleast 2 minutes
• keep the medication out of the childrent reached
• document the procedure

7

• wash hands thoroughly
• r3move the cap of the inhaler and place it in an upright position
• shake the inhaler and breath slowly throught the mouth
• place the mouth of the inhaler on the mouth opening
• press the inhaler while inspiration deeply and slowly
• hold your breath for atleast 10 second
• Do it as manu puffs as directeed
• Rinse mouth with water after the procedure

8 vitamin K deficiency is a condition which occurs when there is imbalance diet intake, malabsorption , liver disease. defiiciency of Vitamin K leads to bleeding. vitamin k help in coagulation, vitamin k deficiency is more common in children than in adults, in children it is know as VKDB(Vitamin K deficiency bleeding)

Drugs which sshould not be taken by patients with vitamin k deficiency are anticoagulant, anti platelet , somatins etc

9.Expectorants helps in the secretion of mucus , improves breathing and relieve chest congestion.

10. Agranulocyosis

• Absolute neutrophil count is less than 100 percentile microliter of blood. it is a life threatening disease.
• clinical manifestation arefever, chils, infection of gums, skin, sores in the mouth, throat or GI tract, hypotension.

11.

• causes of digoxin toxicity are digoxin overdose , low tolerance of the drug, intake of diuretics, ingestion of plant like foxglove, low potassium, low magnesium etc
• signs and symptoms are lost of appetite, nausea, vomiting, confusion, blurred vision, tachycardia, irreguar pulse ,diarrhoea.