Question

ーWhich of the following causes circulatory hypoxia?

a.Insufficient air supply

b.The number of red blood cells decreased

c. Reduced blood supply to tissue

d.The number of red blood cells in the blood was normal, but the hemoglobin was decreased

e. the oxygen diffused from alveoli into circulating blood is reduced

ーWhich types of hypoxia are most likely to occur for chronic bronchitis patients?

a. Hypotonic hypoxia

b.Hemic hypoxia

c.Histogenous hypoxia

d.Circulatory hypoxia

e.Dysoxidative hypoxia

ーWhich of the following is not the cause of hemic hypoxia?

a. CO poisoning

b.Anemia

c. KCN poisoning

d.the consumption of a great deal of pickled vegetables containing nitrate

e. Methemoglobinemia

ーWhich of the following substances is a negative mediator of fever?

a. PGE

b. Na+/Ca2+

c.cAMP

d.CRH

E.AVP

Answer 1

1)the correct answer is option C ,that is decreased blood supply to the tissue.

Hypoxia is the decrease oxygen levels in the tissue. There is four types of hypoxia that are hypoxic hypoxia, circulatory hypoxia, hemic  hypoxia and desoxidative hypoxia. The circulatory hypoxia caused by poor blood circulation to the tissue due to systemic circulation obstruction and congestion to the tissue. So the correct answer is C. Other options are not cause for circulatory hypoxia.

2)the correct answer is option A ,that is hypotonic hypoxia or hypoxic hypoxia.

Chronic bronchitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation to the broncho tube it leads to airway obstruction, this will result in decrease oxygen entering the lung. This will result in hypoxia. This type of hypoxia known as hypotonic or hypoxic hypoxia.

The other options are not related to hypoxia In chronic bronchitis

3)the correct answer is option C ,that is KCN poisoning. The hypoxia In Potassium cyanide poisoning is histogenous poisoning .the other options are the etiology of hemic poisoning. In KCN poisoning ,the amount of blood entering the tissue is normal but the tissue can not utilizing the oxygen so this is histogenous or disoxydative hypoxia. All other options are cause decrease the amount of Hb and altering Hb affinity towards oxygen.

4)the correct answer is option E,that is AVP. The AVP is a endogenous antipyretic agent and it help to reduce fever, so the AVP is a negative mediators of fever. Other options like prostaglandin, cAMP, CRH,Na + / CA + is mediators of fever and it cause pyrogenic effects in different ways .AVP produce antipyresis via the ventral septal area of the limbic system.

So negative mediators for fever is AVP.