Question

Seminar on Oct 5: Operating Systems

1. List one or more

A. Stand-alone operating system

B. Network operating system

C. Embedded operating system

D. Possible applications of embedded system

E. Open-source operating system

F. Single-tasking operating system

G. Operating system based on Unix/Linux

H. Multitasking operating system

I. Multithreading operating system

J. Mobile-device operating system

2. What is:

(a) boot sector

(b) bootstrap loader

(c) partition

Answer 1

Note: If you like my efforts then please do upvote this answer.

(i) Stand-alone operating system: A stand-alone OS is an OS that works in desktops & other various portable devices.
Example: Windows 2000 professional, Windows 95, DOS etc.

(ii) Network operating system: A network OS is a special OS that provides network-based functionalities to the connected devices.
Example: Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Mac OS X, UNIX, etc.

(iii) Embedded operating system: An embedded OS is designed to perform a specific task for a device that is not a computer. It's main job is to run the code that allows the device to do its job.
Example: Windows Mobile/CE, Symbian (cell phones), Linux etc.

(iv) Applications of Embedded operating system:

1. Symbian: It's an mobile OS used by Nokia. Nokia actually launched with this OS.
2. BlackBerry OS: BlackBerry Phones used this OS.
3. Embedded Linux: Android phones use this OS.

(v) Open-source operating system: In Open Source OS the copyright holder allows others to study, change as well as distribute the software to other people. It's source code is released in public.
Example: Cosmos, FreeDOS, Ghost OS etc.

(vi) Single-tasking operating system: A single-tasking OS can only run one program at a time.
Example: MS-DOS and Palm OS.

(vii) Operating system based on Unix/Linux: These are the OS which uses UNIX/LINUX as their base.
Example: Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint, etc.

(viii) Multitasking operating system: Multitasking OS can handle multiple operations/executes multiple programs at a time.
Example: Macintosh OS and Microsoft Windows.

(ix) Multithreading operating system: Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently. It may run several background tasks, such as logging file changes and indexing data,
Example: Solaris, Microsoft Windows.

(x) Mobile-device operating system: These are the OS which run on a phone.
Example: Android OS, macOS.

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(2)

(i) Boot sector: It is a sector of a persistent data storage device which contains machine code to be loaded into RAM & then executed by a computer system's built-in firmware.

(ii) Bootstrap loader: It is a program that resides in the computer's ROM. When we turn on the computer it get automatically executed by the processor.

(iii) Partition: A partition is a logical division of memory.