In: Nursing
Issues in given scenario :
1.) Lesbian community parenting a children
2.) Both have undergone Tubectomy
3.) Sperm donor should remain confidential, not a friend
4.) Multiple pregnancy - Abortion of embryos
5.) Francesca - blood pressure - may result in pre exlampsia
Ethical issues for non traditional couple parenting :
Within the field of medically assisted reproduction, the welfare of the child is advanced as the major argument to decide the acceptability of certain applications
From the 1970s, several factors (increasing divorce rates, sexual liberation, etc.) contributed to a breakdown of the quasi monopoly of the stable heterosexual nuclear family. Until then, society as a whole enforced this standard, both through legislation and mores; deviations were not tolerated.
Lesbian parents transgress several boundaries simultaneously: ‘the ideological, because of its apparent flouting of the importance of fathers; the structural because of its advocacy of either one-parent or two-mother households; and the biogenetic, because of its avoidance of sexual intercourse’
Major problem - How capable would two men be at helping their adopted daughter with very female matters pertaining to growing up and maturing physically?
For daughters this is often an issue requiring ongoing support, communication, and sharing. It's not something men can just read up on in a book; it can be a delicate, personal matter, closely connected to a young woman's sense of self-identity, and it's reasonable to conclude that there are real advantages to the empathy shared between a mother and her daughter
And boys who grow up with lesbian parents, they do not have a father figure or male figure to follow. Studies show that many such boys turn out to be bisexual with female characteristics. This may not be true for all the children, but for some boys.
In the context of same-sex parenting, both the right of homosexual persons to build a family and the child's right to a good life can be respected by providing conditions of full equality and respect.
The well-being of the children would improve considerably were same-sex relationships legally recognized and socially respected, and were same-sex parents treated as adequate parents.
Issues about selectively aborting few embryos :
Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR)
The ethical dilemmas of MFPR are closely connected to the problem of abortion. The main difference is that in the case of MFPR it is explicitly the intention not to terminate the pregnancy but to increase the chance of development of the remaining fetuses. Especially for higher order pregnancies, not performing a reduction will increase the risk of losing the pregnancy and all the fetuses. In that sense, the reduction is medically indicated. The first priority lies with the well‐being of the children that will be born.
Prevention of multiple pregnancies should be preferred to MFPR. Regardless of the information provided before the treatment, people may still experience the decision to reduce the number of embryos as psychologically and morally demanding. Patients who become pregnant after a long period of infertility attribute a high value to the embryos/fetuses and to the pregnancy. Even when neither the physician nor the couple has moral qualms about abortion, it is better not to bring people into a position where they have to take decisions that may endanger their project. Prevention is also preferable since there are indications that the original higher order pregnancy has detrimental effects (higher incidence of prematurity) on the development of the remaining fetuses that are carried to term even after the reduction.
MFPR is morally acceptable if the physician has acted according to the rules of good clinical practice and has tried to minimize the risk of a multiple pregnancy. The benefits for the remaining embryos of reducing a higher order multiple pregnancy exceed the disadvantages of carrying the pregnancy to term or risking miscarriage. With triplets, opinions vary according to personal experience and access to neonatal care. The reduction of twins to a singleton is acceptable in cases of maternal disease, poor obstetric outcome and compelling social and psychological reasons of the woman
Ethical Issues for artifical reproductive measures :
Defining initiation of life ethicalethically - Often surplus embryos are involved in process of IVF to substantially enhance the chance of pregnancy
Chromosomal and Other Congenital Defects - compared with couples who conceive spontaneously, for those who require IVF, babies are more likely to be born preterm, of low birth weight and to be a twin or higher order multiple than spontaneously conceived infants
Turning children into commodities -In vitro fertilization turns children into commodities
Older women being offered in vitro fertilization -One important concern on use of IVF on older women is based on the welfare of child as the age and health condition of old mothers to be may restrict them from being appropriate parents and this is often seen as infringement of the resultant child's rights
Religion: Objection to playing God - Technologies of assisted reproduction such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) have been controversial on religious grounds since their inception, but nonetheless, within Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, Hinduism, and most forms of Christianity,