3. Determine the effective spring constant of the following
sandwiches of materials under compressive load (determine the
material spring constant only). The material sandwiches are being
held in place by a ½-13 UNC bolt, nut, and flat washers on both
sides. The first and third materials listed in each sandwich are
0.4” thick and the middle material is 0.04” thick, together making
a 0.84” thick sandwich
a. Aluminum, copper-asbestos, steel
b. Steel, copper, steel
c. Steel, rubber, steel
d. Steel,...