Question

PM is a 15-year-old young woman who had her menstrual period at age 11. Recently, she has been experiencing double vision, headaches, and amenorrhea. A skull MRI indicates a pituitary adenoma. Blood tests indicate low estrogen, progesterone, and TSH levels.

4.     Explain the manifestations that PM has experienced in terms of the pathophysiology.

Answer 1

The manifestation which can be experienced in terms of pathophysiology are

• The double vision is because of the pituitary adenoma compressing the optic nerve which passes near to it. This interrupts the passage of communication to brain from what is seen clearly making the vision blurred or double vision, etc.,
• The head is the most common and frequent complaint in this case. This can be because of the presence of blood in the sella region of the brain, directly affecting the trigeminal nerve ,cavernous area is affected which leads to intense pain in head.
• The extreme low levels of estrogen, progesterone and TSH has led to the alteration in the menstrual cycle and resulted in amenorrhea. The adenoma in the pituitary gland has led to decreased release of the hormone to the thyroid gland leading to decreased TSH levels. There is also a decrease in the level of follicle stimulating hormone which can lead to cessation of menstruation.