Question

A 59-year-old woman went to see her doctor, as she had been unwell for the past 3 days. She initially noticed a nonproductive cough, and then she became abruptly worse with a marked fever, headache, and shivering. Since then she had developed muscle aches all over her body, especially in the legs, and her eyes had become watery and painful to move. She was a nonsmoker, previously fit and well, and on no regular medication. On examination, she was febrile (38.2∞C), and had difficulty in breathing through her nose, but there were no other abnormal physical signs. A throat swab was taken, broken off into viral transport medium, and sent to the laboratory. Immunofluorescent staining with a monoclonal antibody against influenza A virus was positive, confirming a diagnosis of acute influenza virus infection.

1.In which order will the nurse arrange the items for the infection chain beginning with the first step?

1. A mode of transmission

2. An infectious agent or pathogen

3. A susceptible host

4. A reservoir or source for pathogen growth

5. A portal of entry to a host

6. A portal of exit from the reservoir

a.

3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6

b.

1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2

c.

4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5

d.

2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3

2. Which actions will the nurse take to prevent the spreading of this disease?

Answer 1

Answer : d). 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3

An infectious agent or pathogen present in environment during flu season, reservoir or source of pathogen growth  includes places in the environment where the pathogen lives, portal of exit  is the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir, a mode of transmission is an organism can remain active on environmental surfaces (through direct or indirect contact, ingestion, or inhalation), a portal of entry is the way the infectious agent can enter a new host through nose/mouth, A suscaptable host is everyone; some people at greater risk (the most vulnerable of whom are receiving healthcare, are immunocompromised, or have invasive medical devices including lines, devices, and airways).

2. Which actions will the nurse take to prevent the spreading of this disease?

Prevention of influenza A virus attain through vaccination and contol of infectious disease.

A) Vaccination:

• The flu shot is an inactivated vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given as subcutaneous injection.

B) Infection control

• Is an effective ways to reduce the transmission of influenza include good personal health and hygiene habits
• Do not touch your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Frequent hand washing (with soap and water, or with alcohol-based hand rubs).
• Covering coughs and sneezes; avoiding close contact with sick people.
• Stay home if you are sick.
• Use of face masks might help prevent transmission of disease.
• Since influenza spreads through both aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces, surface sanitizing may help prevent infections.
• Sanitize rooms and equipment that have been occupied by patients with influenza symptoms.