Question

When reading a legal text, the first rule to apply is the:

Literal Rule.

Golden Rule.

Mischief Rule.

Class Rule.

Answer 1

Literal Rule. :

Literal rule is a rule used to interpreting statutes. This rule explains what the law is rather than explaining what the law means. When interpreting a statute, the courts generally applies the literal rule first before applying any other rules of interpretation. In literal rule, the words in a statute are given its plain, ordinary, and literal meaning. While applying the literal rule, the law is read word by word and without diverting.

Golden Rule :

The golden rule, as it pertains to government spending, stipulates that a government must only borrow to invest, not to finance existing spending. In other words, the government should borrow money only to fund investments that will benefit future generations, and current spending must be covered and funded by existing taxes.

Mischief Rule ;

The mischief rule^[ is one of three rules of statutory interpretation traditionally applied by English courts.The other two are the "plain meaning rule" (also known as the "literal rule") and the "golden rule".

The main aim of the rule is to determine the "mischief and defect" that the statute in question has set out to remedy, and what ruling would "suppress the mischief, and advance the remedy". In applying the mischief rule, the court is essentially asking what part of the law did the law not cover, but was meant to be rectified by Parliament in passing the bill.

Class Rule :

If there are multiple annotated ClassRules on a class, they will be applied in an order that depends on your JVM's implementation of the reflection API, which is undefined, in general. However, Rules defined by fields will always be applied before Rules defined by methods.

For example, here is a test suite that connects to a server once before all the test classes run, and disconnects after they are finished:

 @RunWith(Suite.class)
 @SuiteClasses({A.class, B.class, C.class})
 public class UsesExternalResource {
     public static Server myServer= new Server();

     @ClassRule
     public static ExternalResource resource= new ExternalResource() {
       @Override
       protected void before() throws Throwable {
          myServer.connect();
      }

      @Override
      protected void after() {
                myServer.disconnect();
      }
   };
 }