In: Accounting
What is different between the journal entries for process costing and that of job order costing?
Job costing involves the detailed accumulation of production
costs attributable to specific units or groups of units. For
example, the construction of a custom-designed piece of furniture
would be accounted for with a job costing system. The costs of all
labor worked on that specific item of furniture would be recorded
on a time sheet and then compiled on a cost sheet for that job.
Similarly, any wood or other parts used in the construction of the
furniture would be charged to the production job linked to that
piece of furniture. This information may then be used to bill the
customer for work performed and materials used, or to track the
extent of the company's profits on the production job associated
with that specific item of furniture.
Process costing involves the accumulation of costs for lengthy
production runs involving products that are indistinguishable from
each other. For example, the production of 100,000 gallons of
gasoline would require that all oil used in the process, as well as
all labor in the refinery facility be accumulated into a cost
account, and then divided by the number of units produced to arrive
at the cost per unit. Costs are likely to be accumulated at the
department level, and no lower within the organization.