Question

Commercial districts and institutional facilities can demand enormous quantities of water, therby adding stress to the municipal system if not properly accounted for. Discuss how estimates of these volumes of water can be determined and what can be done to augment peak flow rates.

Answer 1

* Day by day population is growing and to meet their demands commercial activities will also have to increase and also institutional facilities will increase to accommodate the growing population in various institutions.

* So according to this the water treatment plant should also be planned to meet the growing future requirement as these plants are costly to establish so planning should be better to run it for years.

* Commercial districts and institutions increases pressure on the treatment plant or municipality to increase their volumes if their demands is not getting fulfilled.

* So before planning population forecasting must be done properly as per the previous growth trends and population equivalents of industries and commercial activities must be calculated and good source of water where availability of water is such that it serve for the required population for years is selected. In such a way the required volume is determined and according to which size of various tanks and reservoirs are designed.

* In order to increase the peak rate various steps may be taken.

If our pumping system and treatment units have been obsolete then they must be replaced with the modern one to increase the efficiency. On the calculated amount of water requirement increase it by a peak factor according to region and population it is going to serve. If possible increase the tax amount on the volume of water used and make the supply intermittent is place of continuous to minimize the losses due to theft and leakeges which increase peak supply rate. etc.

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