Question

1) Which of the following statements about Science is/are correct?

a) Science is the opposite of knowledge.

b) Science is not flat knowledge, formulae, names.

c) Science is curiosity, discovering things and asking why?

d) All the given options describe science.

2) Which of the points below is not a strategy for critical thinking according to Burger and Starbird?

a) Failure to Success

b) Creating Questions

c) Engaging Change

d) Reflective Journaling

e) Understand Deeply

3) Which of the following is not a part of scientific process?

a) Data collection and its inspection.

b) Choosing a theory that describes or explain the data.

c) If there are multiple theories that fits the data within error bars, choose the best one using Occam's razor.

d) Making predictions, and their testing.

e) None of the above

4) Which of the following options is a step in Polya’s Method of Theoretical Enquiry?

Looking back, Understanding the problem, Devising a plan, Executing the plan

a) Looking back

b) Understanding the problem

c) Devising a plan

d) Executing the plan

e) All of the given options

5) “How can we know if God exists?” This question belongs to…

a) Epistemology

b) Ontology

c) Both ontology and epistemology

d) Neither ontology nor epistemology

6) What is pseudoscience?

a) It is a discipline in Science, like Biology, Chemistry and Physics.

b) It is a subset of study within Physics, just like cosmology, quantum mechanics etc.

c) It is a field of study where theories have to exist before searching for evidence to prove or disprove it.

d) It is a process where its practitioners first assume a conclusion, then search for supporting evidence.

e) None of the above.

7) In contrasting two theories that describe planetary motion around the Sun – the “oomph” versus the inverse square nature of a central force, why is the second considered better?

a) It accounts for less phenomena than the first theory.

b) It accounts for more phenomena than the first theory.

c) It allows for a mathematical formulation of the theory.

d) It leads to specific predictions which can be rigorously tested.

e) It is a more sophisticated way of presenting the same idea and would hence be better at gaining acceptance by the scientific community.

8) What does Feynman say about Uncertainties in Science?

a) Science is always certain, as long as it is based upon certain facts and observations.

b) Scientific knowledge describes in certain truth, about how the fundamental laws of nature work.

c) All scientific knowledge is uncertain, and the freedom to doubt them is important to Science.

d) Scientific laws are certain truths, but scientific theories are merely uncertain until they can be proven by experiments and promoted to laws.

e) Scientists must be certain of their fields of Science. It is not consistent to live as a scientist and not know.

9) Which of the following statements are important to making scientific observations?

a) Being objective in tests of observations.

b) Being thorough in understanding the conditions of your observations, so as not to introduce other variables and uncertainties.

c) A negative observation which disagrees with a scientific rule is even more important, as it suggests further science beyond the rules.

d) All of the above are important.

e) None of the above.

10) In describing Science as “a method of finding things out”, what is the underlying principle behind deciding whether “something is so or not”?

a) There must be no uncertainty in what the idea predicts.

b) Observation is the ultimate final judge of the truth of an idea.

c) The idea must be supported by a convincing mathematical theory.

d) The idea must be cast in a way that appeals to the imagination of people.

e) Human reasoning should be able to deduce the idea from some other fundamental principle.

11) In recounting the quote “To every man is given the key to the gates of heaven. The same key opens the gates of hell”, what is Feynman trying to convey?

a) Science, with all its power, can be used for both good and evil.

b) Science, with all its power, can lead us to both heaven and hell.

c) Man has yet to achieve the moral compass required to use the key responsibly.

d) There needs to be a governing body of authority to oversee the usage of science.

e) It might be better to discard the keys, so that we do not have to concern ourselves over which gate to open.

12) Why does Feynman claim that “in talking about the impact of ideas in one field on ideas in another field, one is always apt to make a fool of oneself”?

a) Scientists are more critical of outsiders commenting on their work.

b) Fields are very specialised today, and it is difficult for one to be well versed in both.

c) Different fields seldom have areas of overlap, so it would be foolish to make such connections.

d) There is an unwritten rule that scientists do not interfere or comment in fields outside their areas of expertise.

e) One has to achieve the required qualifications from both fields first before being allowed to comment on them.

*PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE ABOVE QUESTIONS & TYPE YOUR ANSWER (NO SCREENSHOTS OR IMAGES) IN OPTION (A), (B), (C), (D) & (E), WITH SHORT EXPLANATION. THANK YOU IN ADVANCE

Answer 1

1) Ans : d

Science is a branch of knowledge that dealing with body of facts. It is the search for knowledge. The knowledge of systamatic world is gained from observation. The new scientific information is seeking from curiosity. Science is opposite of knowledge which means that the opposite of set of ideas explains the observed facts in a new form of discovering things.

2) Ans : d

Other 4 are the habits for critical thinking according to Burger and starbid. There are 5 habits for critical thinking. They are Understanding deeply, Make mistakes, raise questions, follow the flow of ideas amd change.

3) Ans : b

Observation, collecting data, making hypothesis testing and conclusion are the methods of scientific process

4) Ans : e

There are four stepa which is created by Polya they are understanding problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan and look back.

5) Ans : c

The excistence of God involves the Epistamology which means the nature and scope of knowledge and Ontology ehich means the study of the nature of being, existence or reality and theory of value.

6) Ans : c

It is a collection of beliefs or practises mistakenly regarded as being based on some scientific method.

7)Ans : e

8) Ans : c

All the scientific knowledge is uncertain and uncertainity is a very important part of it. He goes on to says that if we are free of doubt and ignorance we will not get any new ideas and make new progress.

9) Ans : e

Observatikn is very important for collecting data. It involve the perception and recording data. The observation of data leads to formulate a hypkthesis. So here we have to find the variable we need and recorded each variables.

10) Ans : b

This method is based on the principle that theobservation is the final judgement of the truth. All other aspects and characteristics of science can be understood the observation. This is the final and ultimate judgement of the truth of the value.

11) Ans : a

We can make our power as a good thing or good discoverybto our worlf for helping our nature..it leads to heaven..we can also make our science to wrong way to kill our nature which leads to hell.

12) Ans: c

Because there are new generation born everyday. The great ideas that was developed by historical man donot last unless ther are passed and clearly from generation to generation