Question

1. You are a genetic engineer that is working on transcriptional regulation in living organisms. In addition to your day job, you are a video game connoisseur and are designing a cell phone game where participants design the features of an organism that is the best at up-regulating transcription of a gene, WINNING. Participants can pick from a variety of organisms, cis regions, trans factors and a variety of enzymes. You want to set the high score on the leader board, so you play the game and design the following features into your organism.

A. You need to describe ALL the features you will be including into your organism as well as what organism you picked for your entry.

B. You need to include all the components of transcription, key features of transcriptional regulation and other features that will increase transcription to the highest level.

C. You need to explain why you included every feature and how each will contribute to increased gene expression.

D. Be creative and error on the side of adding too many features rather than forgetting or not adding enough. With that being said your answer needs to be well structured a concise.

Answer 1

Answer:

Transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby regulating gene activity. This regulation allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response .

In above question there is a genetic engineer who is working on transcriptional regulation in living organisms and is, also a video game connoisseur and are designing a cell phone game where participants design the features of an organism that is the best at increasing transcription of a gene.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic transcription is governed by three main sequence elements:

Promoters are elements of DNA that may bind RNA polymerase and other proteins for the successful initiation of transcription .

Operators recognize repressor proteins that bind to a stretch of DNA and shuns the transcription of the gene.

Positive control elements that bind to DNA and increases higher levels of transcription.There are various types of proteins also present like histone protein for packaging of DNA.

Sigma factors are also present to fasten the process of initiation.In case of eukaryote 3 RNA polymerases, known as Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III and all 3 has specific targets and activities, and is regulated by independent mechanisms.

It includes the functions of histone remodeling enzymes, transcription factors, enhancers and repressors, and many other complexes. Once polymerase is bound to a promoter, it requires another set of transcription factors to allow it to escape the promoter complex and initiate successfully transcribing RNA.

A number of factors which have been found to control how and when termination occurs, which will decide the fate of the RNA transcript.

For positive expression of gene promoter should bind with RNApolymerase for proper initiation in the presence of various factor like sigma factor and histone protein.several enzymes and presence of promoter complex will successfully initiate the process of transcription and leading to expression of protein which will lead to termination of process,

So organism chosen should be a prokaryote so to avoid various type of complication in terms of transcription factor and complexes involved so to make process of winning the video game easy.

For winnig the video game it should be necessary that promotor should bind to RNApolymerase and various transcription factor like enhancer which will increase the process of transcription and hence expression of protein.

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