Question

1. Compare the details of the passwd and shadow files under /etc/

–Who is the owner and group for each of the files?

–What permissions are assigned for these files?

–Are the permissions consistent with the results of activity you did before.

–Discuss the permissions in light of principle of least privilege.

2. Check the details of the log directory under /var/

–Who is the owner and group of the directory?

–What permissions are assigned for this directory?

–Discuss the permissions in light of principle of least privilege.

3. What happens to a file when the primary group of its user owner changes?

USE LINUX to answer

Answer 1

Who is the owner and group for each of the files?

owner group
passwd:-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2669 Aug 2 12:44 /etc/passwd
shadow:-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 1606 Aug 2 12:48 /etc/shadow

What permissions are assigned for these files?

passwd:-rw-r--r--
shadow:-rw-r-----

Are the permissions consistent with the results of activity you did before.

this permissions remain same until life of linux unless we change it manually

Discuss the permissions in light of principle of least privilege.

R W X
user
group
other

R 2
W 4
X 1

if we set the permission to read for owner group and other then 2 2 2 will be set

Answer 2
*********
root is the owner and root is the group of var directory

drwxr-xr-x // read write execute for owner , read execute for group and read execute for other

if group change than rights of that group will be applied instead of owner group

if you have any doubt then please ask me without any hesitation in the comment section below , if you like my answer then please thumbs up for the answer , before giving thumbs down please discuss the question it may possible that we may understand the question different way and we can edit and change the answers if you argue, thanks :)