Question

During Heaton Company’s first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as follows:

	Year 1			Year 2
Sales (@ $60 per unit)	$	1,020,000		$	1,620,000
Cost of goods sold (@ $36 per unit)		612,000			972,000
Gross margin		408,000			648,000
Selling and administrative expenses*		301,000			331,000
Net operating income	$	\107,000\		$	317,000

* $3 per unit variable; $250,000 fixed each year.

The company’s $36 unit product cost is computed as follows:

Direct materials	$	7
Direct labor		12
Variable manufacturing overhead		4
Fixed manufacturing overhead ($286,000 ÷ 22,000 units)		13
Absorption costing unit product cost	$	36

Forty percent of fixed manufacturing overhead consists of wages and salaries; the remainder consists of depreciation charges on production equipment and buildings.

Production and cost data for the first two years of operations are:

	Year 1	Year 2
Units produced	22,000	22,000
Units sold	17,000	27,000

Required:

1. Using variable costing, what is the unit product cost for both years?

2. What is the variable costing net operating income in Year 1 and in Year 2?

3. Reconcile the absorption costing and the variable costing net operating income figures for each year.

Answer 1