Answer:-
explain the role of information technology in an
organization
Information technology systems are used by organizations to
perform various tasks. Some use IT to provide for the basic
processing of transactions, while others enable customers,
distributors and suppliers to interact with the organization
through various communication technology systems such as the
internet.
The term ‘’information technology systems in an organization ‘’
is composed of four distinct parts which include: an organization,
information in an organization, and information technology and
information technology systems in an organization. Below I
have listed some of the impacts of information technology in an
organization.
- Flow of Information: Information is a key
resource for all organizations. What information describes might be
internal, external, objective or
subjective. External information
describes the environment surrounding the organization.
Objective information describes something that is
known. Subjective information describes something
that is currently unknown. With information technology the flow of
all these three types of information is made simple buy use of
centralized data centers where all this data can be retrieved.
Information in an organization can flow in four direction and these
include upward flow of information, downward flow of information,
outward flow of information and horizontal flow of
information.
- Transaction processing: Information technology
simplifies the transaction process of an organization. A
transaction process system (TPS) is a system that
processes transactions that occur within an organization. At the
heart of every organization are IT systems whose main role is to
capture transaction information, create new information based on
the transaction information. TPS will
update any transaction process and store that information in a
database, so any concerned party in the organization can access
that information via a centralized information storage network of
internet.
- Decision support: A decision support system
(DSS) is a highly flexible and interactive IT
system that is designed to support decision making when the problem
is not structured. A DSS works together with an artificial
intelligence system to help the worker create information through
(OLAP) online analytical process to facilitate
decision making tasks that require significant effort and
analysis.
- Workgroup support: Since information
technology facilitates in the creating an information sharing
environment, workers can easily consult each other across different
department without any interruption. They can use emails, text
chatting services to inquire some thing related to a given task at
work. With work group support systems, group decision making
becomes easier.
- Executive support: An executive information
system (EIS) is an interactive management information system (MIS)
combined with decision support systems and artificial intelligence
for helping managers identify and address problems and
opportunities. An EIS allows
managers to view information from different
angles. Yet it also provides managers with the flexibility to
easily create more views to better understand the problem or
opportunity at hand.
- Data Management: With the help of database
software, an organization stores all its relevant data on a
database. This infrastructure can be designed when it is internal
or external. An internal centralized system can only be accessed
with in the organization while an external centralized system
allows data to be accessed out side the organization using a remote
(IP) internet protocol Address or a domain name.
In this case, employees or managers can use a company website to
access relevant company data by use of passwords. This data is not
exposed to the public and search engines.
- Communication: Information technology accounts
in the development of communication technology.
Services like electronic mail make communication within and outside
the organization easy and first. Now days email communication is a
default communication technology used by every organization.
Communication is a great tool in business develops, with advanced
communication tools, employees and managers can easily make
beneficial decisions in the organization.
the roles and responsibilities associated with creating
and managing information technology policies.
- Overall responsibility for ensuring the implementation,
enhancement, monitoring and enforcement of the information security
policies
- Coordinates the development and implementation of information
security policies, standards, procedures, and other control
processes that meet the business needs of the University
- Develops, deploys, and maintains an information security
architecture that that meets the current and future business needs
of the University
- Provides consultation services to computing and business
operations and recommends methods to mitigate security risks
- Coordinates the development and implementation of a training
and awareness program to educate University employees, contractors,
and vendors with regard to the University's security
requirements
- Investigates breaches of security controls, and implements
additional compensating controls when necessary
- Supervises and coordinates with the security administrator to
ensure that security measures implemented meet the requirements of
the security policy
- Reviews and approves all external network connections
- Manages security incidents and file mandatory reports to SUNY,
CSCIC, and other agencies as required by the incident
- Ensures that appropriate follow-up is conducted for security
violations
- Be aware of laws and regulations that could affect the security
controls and classification requirements of the University's
information