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In: Biology

What is the malate aspartate shuttle and its purpose?

What is the malate aspartate shuttle and its purpose?

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The malate/aspartate shuttle balances the redox environment between two membrane separated environments. This shuttle accomplishes this...
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In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, which...
In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, which uses NAD+ as an electron acceptor. In cells, the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] is kept very high. Given the following standard reduction potentials, explain why it is so important for cells to maintain this ratio. Justify your answer with words, equations and diagrams. oxaloacetate + 2H+ + 2e- -> malate E°red= -0.166 V NAD+ + H+ + 2e- > NADH E°red= -0.320
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Consider the final reaction in the citric acid cycle, catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase: Malate + NAD+  ⇄ oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ Equilibrium concentrations of the reaction components were measured as follows: [malate] = 5.28 mM [NAD+] = 75 uM [oxaloacetate] = 14.5 uM [NADH] = 14.5 uM pH = 8.83 a) From these data calculate the equilibrium constant, Keq, for this reaction. b) Calculate the standard free-energy change, ΔG°’, for this reaction (hint: remember that the prime means that the...
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