What is the malate aspartate shuttle and its purpose?

Expert Solution

gladiator answered 2 years ago

The malate/aspartate shuttle balances the redox environment between two membrane separated environments. This shuttle accomplishes this...

The malate/aspartate shuttle balances the redox environment between two membrane separated environments. This shuttle accomplishes this by adjusting what ratio?

Describe the function (net gain) of the malate-aspartate shuttle to cellular metabolism (not the reaction.)

Be able to state the purpose of the glycerol 3-phosphate and malate-aspartate shuttles. Be able to...

Be able to state the purpose of the glycerol 3-phosphate and malate-aspartate shuttles. Be able to state why the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is considered to less efficient than the malate-aspartate shuttle in promoting ATP production?

3. Explain why and how the malate-aspartate shuttle moves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reducing equivalents from the...

3. Explain why and how the malate-aspartate shuttle moves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix.

Describe the malate shuttle system. How does it work? Why is it needed?

In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, which...

In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, which uses NAD+ as an electron acceptor. In cells, the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] is kept very high. Given the following standard reduction potentials, explain why it is so important for cells to maintain this ratio. Justify your answer with words, equations and diagrams. oxaloacetate + 2H+ + 2e- -> malate E°red= -0.166 V NAD+ + H+ + 2e- > NADH E°red= -0.320

2.) What is vertical analysis, and what is its purpose? What is the purpose of common-size...

2.) What is vertical analysis, and what is its purpose? What is the purpose of common-size statements?

1) What is preemption? What is its purpose?

1) What is preemption? What is its purpose?2) What is swapping? What is its purpose?3) Name 5 major activities of an OS with respect to process management. Why is each required?4) Why is a mode switch between threads cheaper than a mode switch between processes?

What is aggregate planning and what is its' purpose?

What is aggregate planning and what is its' purpose? What is intermediate planning; and what are the three (03) phases of intermediate planning?

Consider the final reaction in the citric acid cycle, catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase: Malate + NAD+ ⇄...

Consider the final reaction in the citric acid cycle, catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase: Malate + NAD+ ⇄ oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ Equilibrium concentrations of the reaction components were measured as follows: [malate] = 5.28 mM [NAD+] = 75 uM [oxaloacetate] = 14.5 uM [NADH] = 14.5 uM pH = 8.83 a) From these data calculate the equilibrium constant, Keq, for this reaction. b) Calculate the standard free-energy change, ΔG°’, for this reaction (hint: remember that the prime means that the...

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