Question

3. What factors led to the urban crisis after World War II throughout northern American cities? How did cities decline? How did urban residents respond to the crisis?

ESSAY QUESTION PLEASE ANSWER FULLY

Answer 1

The two dates most often mentioned as the beginning of the World War II ” are July 7, 1937, when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident led to a prolonged war between Japan and China September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, which led Britain and France to declare war. England and France had guaranteed that they would protect Poland's borders as they were in 1939. The United States entered the World War II on December 7, 1941, after the Japanese bombed American fleet in Pearl Harbour.

. The war brought the return of prosperity and the United States of America consolidated its position as the world's richest country,

On the world scenario At the end of the war, millions of people were homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. More than a quarter of United Kindom's wealth had been consumed, The UK had been spending its asset to purchase American equipment including aircraft and ship, Thus the US was becoming rich and rich,

Although in the United States itself there was widespread unrest especially in North American region The most visible and intractable manifestation of racial inequality in the postwar city was residential segregation. Blacks in Detroit and other northern metropolises found themselves entrapped in rapidly expanding, yet persistently isolated urban ghettos. the supposedly liberal mores of the North, despite successful court challenges to housing market discrimination, despite open housing advocacy and legislation, northern cities experienced rates of segregation that barely changed between the 1940s and the present. Segregated housing compounded the urban crisis. The combination of deindustrialization, white flight, and hardening ghettoization proved devastating. Residence in the inner city became a self-perpetuating stigma. Increasing joblessness and the decaying infrastructure of inner-city neighbourhoods, reinforced white stereotypes of black people, families, and communities Discrimination by race was a central fact of life race differed depending on its cultural, political, and economic was very prominent, Racial ideology, a shifting and fluid popular vernacular of race, served as the backdrop to the relationship between blacks and whites in the postwar city , In the postwar city, blackness and whiteness assumed a spatial definition . African Americans forcefully asserted their rights to equal opportunity in employment and housing.

The convergence of the disparate forces of deindustrialization, racial transformation, and political and ideological conformity laid the groundwork for the urban crisis in Detroit and its northern counterparts