Question

Wasabi Pte Ltd makes separate journal entries for all cost accounting-related activities. It uses a standard costing system for all manufacturing items. For the month of April 2016, the following activities have taken place:

Actual Direct Manufacturing Materials Purchased $300,000
Direct Manufacturing Materials Used At Standard Price 250,000
Direct Materials Price Variance 10,000 Unfavourable
Direct Materials Efficiency Variance 15,000 Favourable
Direct Manufacturing Labour Rate Variance 6,000 Favourable
Direct Manufacturing Labour Efficiency Variance 4,000 Unfavourable
Direct Manufacturing Labour Payable 172,000

The estimated fixed overhead costs for 2016 is $324,000. The company uses direct labour hours for fixed overhead allocation and anticipates 10,800 hours during the year for 540,000 units. An equal number of units are budgeted for each month. During April 2016, 48,000 units were produced and $28,000 was spent on fixed overhead.

Required:

i. Describe how the above is tracked through the accounting system by posting the necessary journal entries to record all direct cost variances for the month.
ii. Calculate all fixed overhead variances for April 2016

Answer 1

Journal Entry to record Material Price Variance

Material Control A/c Dr. Std. Rt.*Actual Quantity

Material Price Variance Dr./Cr.

To, Creditor Actual rate*Actual Quantity

Since Material Price variance is unfavourable that means that material is been purchased over standard rate.

Material Control A/c Dr.    250,000

Material Price Variance Dr. 10,000

To, Creditor (b/f) 260,000   

.(Being Variance for actual quanity used recorded.)

Actual Quantity @ standard price =250,000 (Given)

Actual Quantity @ actual price = 260,000 (Balancing Figure)

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Material Price variance (SP-AP)AQ = 10,000 (UF)

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Journal Entry to record Material Efficiency Variance

Work in Progress Dr. Std. Qty. for* S.R.

To, Material Efficiency Variance b.f.

To, Material Control A/c A.Q.*S.R

Since Material Efficiency variance is favourable that means that material is been used below standard Qty.

Work in Progress Dr.    265,000

To, Material Efficiency Variance   15,000

To, Material Control A/c 250,000

.(Being Variance for used quantity recorded recorded.)

Standard Quantity at standard Price = 265,000 (B/F)

Actual Quantity at Standard Price = 250,000 (GIVEN)

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Material Efficiency Variance (SQ-AQ)SP = 15,000 (F)

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Student May take a note between the difference of Actual Quantity purchased and actual Quantity used. Variance is recorded on the quantity used by comparing it with Standard quantity and std. rate.

Journal Entry to record Labour Rate Variance

Labour Control Dr. Std. R.*Actual hours

Labour rate Variance b.f.

To, wages payable  A/c AR.*Act. hours

Since Labour rate variance is favourable that means that labour can be procured at lower rate

Labour Control Dr. 178,000

To, Labour rate Variance 6,000

To, Wages payable  A/c 172,000

Actual hours @ standard rate =178,000 (b/f)

Actual hours @ actual rate = 172,000 (Given)

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Labour Rate variance (SR-AR)AH = 6,000 (F)

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Journal Entry to record Labour Efficiency Variance

Work in Progress Dr. Std. Hrs. *Std. Rate

Labour Eff. Variance b.f.

To, Labour Control A/c Std. R.*Actual hours

Since Labour efficiency variance is unfavourable that means that labour has taken more hours than it should be.

Work in Progress Dr. 174,000

Labour Eff. Variance 4,000

To, Labour Control A/c 178,000

Standard hours @ standard rate =174,000 (b/f)

Actual hours @ standard rate =178,000 (calculated)

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Labour Rate variance (SH-AH)SR = 4,000 (UF)

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Fixed Overhead Variance

Budgeted Fixed Overhead = Yearly cost =$324,000

45000 unit (540000/12) per month in 900 hours (10800/12) per month.

Fixed Overhead Allocation is on Direct Labour Hour basis

So, Standard FOH/Hour = $324,000/10800 =$30/hour

Fixed Overhead Absorption rate per unit of output = $324,000/540,000 =$0.6/unit

So, Budgeted Fixed Overhead for April 2016= 30*900 = $27,000

Actual production = 48000 units

Actual Over Head = $28,000

Standard Hour for Standard Output (Budget) = 900

Standard Hour for Actual Output (Standard) = 960

Fixed Overhead Total Variance =Actual Fixed OH - Absorbed Fixed OH

= Actual FOH- Actual Output * FOAR

FOAR - Fixed Overhead absorption rate per unit of output

FOTV = $28,000-48000*0.6 = 800 (Favourable)

Fixed Overhead Expenditure Variance

Actual Production	$28,000
Less: Budgeted Fixed Overheads	$27,000
Variance	$1,000 Adverse

Fixed Overhead Volume Variance

Budgeted Production	$27,000
Less: Absorbed Fixed Overheads	$28,800
Variance	$1,800 Favourable

Fixed Overhead Capacity Variance

Fixed Overhead Capacity Variance calculates the variation in absorbed fixed production overheads attributable to the change in the number of manufacturing hours (i.e. labor hours or machine hours) as compared to the budget.

The variance can be calculated as follows:

Fixed Overhead Capacity Variance:

= (budgeted production hours - actual production hours) x FOAR*

* Fixed Overhead Absorption Rate / unit of hour

Fixed Overhead Efficiency Variance

Fixed Overhead Efficiency Variance calculates the variation in absorbed fixed production overheads attributable to the change in the manufacturing efficiency during a period (i.e. manufacturing hours being higher or lower than standard ).

The variance can be calculated as follows:

Fixed Overhead Efficiency Variance:

= (standard production hours - actual production hours) x FOAR*

* Fixed Overhead Absorption Rate / unit of hour

We are not provided with actual production hours, so we can not calculate these variances.

Note:

The sum of the above two variances should equal to the volume variance.

(Fixed OH Volume Variance = Fixed OH Capacity variance + Fixed OH Efficiency Variance)

Fixed OH Total variance = Fixed OH Expenditure Variance + Fixed OH Volume Variance

800 F = 1000 A + 1800 F