Question

Now that you have read about the various social theories of aging, which one do you think represents aging in the most effective and comprehensive way? What effect does aging have on cognitive function and intelligence? What types of leisure, spiritual and/or civic activities can older adults continue to engage that support the aging process?

Answer 1

SOCIAL THEORIES OF AGING: are expected progressions from midlife to older based on social factors. There are 3 main theories a) disengagement theory ( withdrawing and isolating from prior social interactions) b) activity theory ( need to remain involved in activities continues in to older life but the focus change) c) social clock theory ( a conscious or unconscious consensus that dictates when events should occur). Disengagement theory is considered as the most effective and comprehensive way of explaining aging because it results in decreased interaction  between the aging person and others in the social system the person belongs to. This theory also claims that it is natural ans acceptable for older adults to withdraw from soceity. EFFECT OF AGING ON COGNITIVE AND INTELLIGENCE:   Cognitive control is a fundamental aspect of cognition and need an ability to adjust and flexible guiding in people's behavior in changing environmental status. Measurable changes in cognition occurs with normal aging process. Research on cognitive control on aging suggests that pro-active control abilities decline whereas reactive control remain intact. TYPE OF LEISURE ACTIVITY IN THE AGING PROCESS: a) employment roles - provide satisfaction and meaningful engagement b) challenge people's cognitive and physical abilities and c) enhance their sense of control to benefit individuals, their families and communities.   SPIRITUAL ACTIVITY IN AGING PROCESS: believe in one's relationship with a higher power without being religious in the sense of organized religion. CIVIC ACTIVITIES IN AGING PROCESS: people actively participate in the life of their communities through individual and collective activities associated with civic life such as a) voting b) being a political activist c) joining in community groups d) voluntary works and e) participating in non-profit organizations.