Question

1) Which of the following statements is true or false.

a)Species that are smaller than their prey (host), live in or in association with their host, and either kill their host directly (by consuming it) or kill their host evolutionarily (by preventing it from reproducing) represent an extremely virulent form of parasitism (known as parasitic castrators, parasitoids, or brood parasites). This extremely virulent form of parasitism is most likely to evolve in situations where the host species is large, slow moving, and sedentary throughout its life cycle.

b)Complex life cycles (asexual/sexual, haploid/diploid/heterokaryotic, often with different morphology and ecology in different phases of the life cycle) have evolved in many groups of organisms we studied, including, for example, the multicellular algae, the land plants, the fungi, the Porifera, the Cnidaria, the Platyhelminthes, the Annelida, the Crustacea, the Insecta, the Echinodermata, and the Urochordata. One of the reasons that a complex life cycle is so prevalent is because different phases of a complex life cycle for a given species often live in different habitats; thus it is difficult for a predator, parasite/disease or disturbance to wipe out the prey species (difficult to cause extinction of the prey species).

c) Interspecific competition may involve no physical contact between individuals.

d) A logistic growth curve for a population means that the population most likely is regulated by density independent factors.

e)One of several reasons that so many different lineages evolved out onto land during the early Paleozoic was because increased oxygen was released by shallow water multicellular algae and emerging land plants; this free O2 was ionized into ozone in the upper atmosphere, creating a more effective shield against ultraviolet light (UV) for organisms living on land than had been the case in the past. Since air absorbs less UV than water, organisms would have been exposed to too much UV to invade terrestrial environments if there had not been this increase in photosynthetic output of O2 at the end of the Proterozoic/beginning of the Phanerozoic.

Answer 1

ANSWER :-

a.) False

b.) True

c.) False

d.) False

e.) False.

A.) In parasitIsm, a type of consumer-resource interaction but unlike predators , parasite, with the exception of parasitoids , are typically much smaller than their host, do not kill them , and often live in or on their hosts for an extended period.

B.) Many parasitc infections, caused by complex life cycle. Parasites that sequentially infect different hosts over the course of their life cycle. Complex life cycles parasites (CLPs) come from a wide range of taxonomic groups from single celled bacteria to multicellular organisms

C.) Interspecific competition is an interaction in which memebers of same species compete for limited resources by coming in close to each other. It involves Physical contact between the individual. Here members of different species compete for a similar resources.

D.) Density-dependent limiting factors can lead to logistics pattern of growth, in which a population's size levels off at an environmentally determined maximum called the carrying capacity. So, logistics growth curve for a population means that the population most like is regulated by density dependent factors.

E.) The palaeozoic was the time of dramatic geological, climatic, and evolutionary changes. But the increased level of oxygen was not a reason for different lineages evolution. The palaeozoic era ended with the largest extinction event in the history of Earth.