In a physics lab students are conducting an experiment to learn
about the heat capacity of different materials. The first group is
instructed to add 1.5-g copper pellets at a temperature of 92°C to
345 g of water at 16°C. A second group is given the same number of
1.5-g pellets as the first group, but these are now aluminum
pellets. Assume that no heat is lost to or gained from the
surroundings for either group.
(a) If the final...
Heat Capacity
Learning Goal:
To understand the concepts of heat capacity, specific heat, and
molar heat capacity.
Heat capacity, C, is the amount of energy required to
raise the temperature of a substance by exactly 1 degree Celsius.
The energy needed to warm an object increases as the mass of that
object increases. We see this in our everyday life. For example, we
know that it takes much more energy to heat a large tank of water
than a small...
For a three-dimensional (3D) solid, we have
found the low-temperature heat capacity to be proportional to T3.
How does
it depend on the temperature for the two-dimensional (2D) graphene?
Hint:
In order to give a correct answer to this question, you have to
know a curious
fact about the phonon dispersion in graphene. We have seen that the
acoustic
phonon branches in both one dimension and 3D have a dispersion
with
?(k) ∝ k. For graphene, this is not so:...
A homogeneous three-dimensional solid has a heat capacity at
constant volume CV that depends on temperature T. Neglecting
differences in the transverse and longitudinal waves in the solid,
there are 3N vibrational modes, where N is the number of atoms in
the solid. Here, the solid has N = 3.01 x 1023 atoms which occupy a
total volume V = 18.0 cm3 . There are two transverse shear waves
and one longitudinal wave; all waves have the same speed of...
What is the heat capacity (or specific heat), isothermal
compressibility, and coefficient of thermal expansion of an ideal
gas, van der Waals fluid, electromagnetic field, rubber band, and a
magnetic spin system?
Entropy & heat capacity: The definitions for the entropy and
heat capacity are pretty similar. So, what is actually the
difference between dS=dq/T and cp = dq/dT? Apply a simple and
plausible example to illustrate the different nature of S and
cp.
Take the heat capacity of ice as 2.108 J/(g*C) and the heat
capacity of water as 4.184 J/(g*C) for this problem. For water,
DHfus = 6.001 kJ/mol at 0 C.
a. A 10.0 gram ice cube at -10.0 C is placed into 45.0 mL of
water at 40 C. Determine the final physical state and temperature
of the result. Calculate DS for the ice cube and the surrounding
water, and
Use the value DStot to explain why this process is...