Question

 

1. Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) is considered a Type II hypersensitivity reaction because

1. helper T cells are hyper-activated

2. immune complexes cause inflammation in the fetal tissues

3. the mother is making IgE antibodies against fetal proteins

4. pre-existing antibodies bind to and lyse fetal red blood cells

2. The type of hypersensitivity that results in hay fever as a result of inhaling pollen is

1. type III

2. type II

3. type I

4. type IV

3. Which type of hypersensitivity is caused by T cell activation rather than antibodies?

1. transfusion reaction

2. allergy

3. arthus reaction

4. delayed type hypersensitivity

4. Individuals with a condition called bare lymphocyte syndrome are lacking class II MHC proteins on their cell surfaces. This condition affects T cell development by greatly reducing the number of what type of cells?

1. CD4-, CD8+

2. CD4+, CD8-

3. CD4-, CD8-

4. CD4+, CD8+

5. In an HIV infection, seroconversion refers to

1. detecting antibodies to HIV in the blood

2. loss of CD4+ cells

3. detecting HIV in the blood

4. presence of opportunistic infections

6. What type of immune response is necessary to recover from most virus infections?

1. cell-mediated only

2. innate only

3. humoral only

4. both humoral and cell-mediated

Answer 1

1)pre existing antibodies bind to and lyse fetal red blood cells.

Type II Hypersensitivity reaction also known as antibody mediated hypersensitivity involves the production of IgM or IgE against the membrane associated antigens.Erythroblastosis fetalis is an incompatibility disorder caused by transmission of maternal antibody to fetal red blood cells.

2)Type I

Type I hypersensitivity are immediate immune reactions mediated by Ig E on exposure to an antigen or allergen.Binding of Ab to allergens leads to the secretions of histamines.

3)Delayed type hypersensitivity

Type IV or delayed type hypersensitivity reactions starts after 48 hours of exposure to an antigen.T cells are activated which releases chemokines and cytokines in response to the antigen.

4)CD4+,CD8-

Bare lymphocyte syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder.Patients are immunodeficient due to the reduction of HLA class I and HLA class II expression.

5)detecting antibodies to HIV in the blood

The time duration in which a person contracts HIV infection and the antibodies first appear in their body is called seroconversion.This time period may vary from person to person.

6)innate immunity

In most viral infections innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral particles before adaptive immune response generates.Interferons and Natural killer cells are mediates this innate response.