Question

Application Exercise:
A researcher is studying the effects of inserting questions into instructional material for learning. There is doubt whether these questions would be more effective before or after the corresponding passage. In addition, the researcher wants to know the impact of factual and thought provoking questions. Students are randomly assigned to one of each of the four combination: position of question (before vs. after the passage) and type of question (factual vs. thought provoking). After 10 hours of studying under these conditions, the students are given a test on the content of the instructional materials. The test scores are below. What can be concluded with an ? of 0.05?

                     Position

Type	before	after
factual	21 31 32 25 28 19	29 23 33 26 25 30
thought	27 20 15 21 26 24	36 39 41 29 31 35

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
Type: critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

Position: critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

Interaction: critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0


c) Compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
Type: ?² = ;  ---Select--- na, trivial effect, small effect, medium effect, large effect
Position: ?² = ;  ---Select--- na, trivial effect, small effect, medium effect, large effect
Interaction: ?² =   ;  ---Select--- na, trivial effect, small effect, medium effect, large effect


d) Make an interpretation based on the results. (pick one)

-There is a question type difference in the test scores.

-There is no question type difference in the test scores.   

-There is a question position difference in the test scores.

-There is no question position difference in the test scores.    

-There is a question type by position interaction in the test scores.

-There is no question type by position interaction in the test scores.

Answer 1

Result:

SPSS used

Descriptive Statistics
	Group	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
before	factual	26.0000	5.29150	6
	thought	22.1667	4.44597	6
	Total	24.0833	5.07146	12
after	factual	27.6667	3.66970	6
	thought	35.1667	4.57894	6
	Total	31.4167	5.56708	12

What is the appropriate test statistic?
within-subjects ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
Type: critical value =  4.96 ; test statistic = 1.524
Decision:   Fail to reject H0

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Measure:   MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable:   Average
Source	Type III Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.	Partial Eta Squared
Intercept	18481.500	1	18481.500	1396.587	.000	.993
Group	20.167	1	20.167	1.524	.245	.132
Error	132.333	10	13.233

Position: critical value =4.96  ; test statistic = 11.579
Decision:   Reject H0

Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure:   MEASURE_1
Source		Type III Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.	Partial Eta Squared
factor1	Sphericity Assumed	322.667	1	322.667	11.579	.007	.537
	Greenhouse-Geisser	322.667	1.000	322.667	11.579	.007	.537
	Huynh-Feldt	322.667	1.000	322.667	11.579	.007	.537
	Lower-bound	322.667	1.000	322.667	11.579	.007	.537
factor1 * Group	Sphericity Assumed	192.667	1	192.667	6.914	.025	.409
	Greenhouse-Geisser	192.667	1.000	192.667	6.914	.025	.409
	Huynh-Feldt	192.667	1.000	192.667	6.914	.025	.409
	Lower-bound	192.667	1.000	192.667	6.914	.025	.409
Error(factor1)	Sphericity Assumed	278.667	10	27.867
	Greenhouse-Geisser	278.667	10.000	27.867
	Huynh-Feldt	278.667	10.000	27.867
	Lower-bound	278.667	10.000	27.867

Interaction: critical value =4.96  ; test statistic =  6.914
Decision:   Reject H0


c) Compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
Type: ?² = 0.132;   small effect,

Position: ?² = 0.537;   medium effect,

Interaction: ?² = 0.409  ;   small effect

d) Make an interpretation based on the results. (pick one)

-There is no question type difference in the test scores.   

Correct option: -There is a question position difference in the test scores.

-There is a question type by position interaction in the test scores.

( all the above three options are appropriate)