Question

In 2009, the effective income tax rate paid by the top 1% of households in the U.S. was 20.4%, while the bottom two quintiles actually paid _______ effective income taxes. Select the correct answer below:

1.even higher

2.negative

3.the same

4 zero

Which of the following are examples of command-and-control regulation?

Select two correct answers. Select all that apply:

• laws that require the use of filters in automobile tailpipes and smokestacks

• laws that specify the amount of pollution each producer is allowed to emit

• marketable pollution permits

• pollution charges per unit of pollution emitted.

Which of the following is not an example of a public policy goal or initiative that helps to build a ladder of opportunity in the U.S.? Select the correct answer below:

1.improved public schools

2.widespread college loans and grants for those in financial need

3.opportunities for job training and acquiring new skills

4.tax benefits for charitable donations

Answer 1

1.The effective tax paid by the top 1% of householders was 20.4%, while the bottom two quintiles actually paid negative effective income taxes. This was because of provisions like earned income tax credit.

2. Two examples of command-and-control regulation are:

• Laws that require the use of filters in automobile tailpipes and smokestacks
• Laws that specify the amount of pollution each producer is allowed to emit

Command control regulation refers to the laws which specify the allowable quantities of pollution and also suggest which pollution technologies can be used.

3. Following is not an example of a public policy goal or initiative that helps to build a ladder of opportunity in the U.S.:

• Tax benefits for charitable donations. This does not create any ladder of opportunity.

Ladder of opportunity refers to providing equal opportunities to all people irrespective of their financial status to reduce economic inequality.