Question

6. Identify precipitating factors for delirium that the gerontological nurse should be aware of to prevent serious consequences in the older adult.

Answer 1

Delirium is frequently seen in older patients in the emergency department , is under-recognized, and has potentially serious consequences. 7–17% of older adults who present to the emergency department suffer from delirium. Delirium is a medical emergency with significant associates morbidity and mortality requiring rapid diagnosis and management. Patients who have delirium in the ED have increased mortality), increased length of stay in the hospital, and higher risk of functional decline.

  

When delirium is diagnosed or suspected, the underlying causes should be sought and treated.

• Fluid and nutrition. Fluid and nutrition should be given carefully because the patient may be unwilling or physically unable to maintain a balanced intake; for the patient suspected of having alcohol toxicity or alcohol withdrawal, therapy should include multivitamins, especially thiamine.
• Promote patient safety
• Supportive therapy
• Provide appropriate environment
• Assess level of anxiety.
• Stay calm and reassure the patient.
• Teach relaxation technique
• Assist in daily activities.