Question

How do vascular plants avoid damage to their tissues in a dry environment?

Their stomata stay closed at all times

They use roots to extract water from the soil and vascular tissue to transport it and so avoid desiccation

Their membrane are able to withstand the desiccation and rehydration of the cells without rupturing

Answer 1

The answer is - All of these.

Vascular plants or tracheophytes are the land plants that have specialised tissues for conducting water,minerals, and photosynthetic products throughout the plant. Majority of the land plants are vascular plants.

In order to adapt with the drier environmental conditions the vascular plants have adapted certain mechanisms .

They can open or close the stomata according to the water availability. In case of drier conditions, they close the stomata which prevents the transpiration and hence water is retained in the plants.

Also, they use roots to extract the underground water from soil. The plants when dry , reach out to the underground water. Roots which are extended to deeper areas of earth and spread widely pull the water into the plants inorder to survive the hotter and drier climate.

Plants membrane can withstand the dessication that is drying up and also rehydration process without rupturing of cells and that is how the integrity of plant tissues is maintained inorder to adjust with dry and wet climate.

Therefore all of these factors contribute to vascular plants adaptability to dry environment.

Thank you.