Question

In: Biology

1. Briefly explain the three domains of living organisms. 2. Tabulate the difference between prokarytic and...

1. Briefly explain the three domains of living organisms.

2. Tabulate the difference between prokarytic and eukaryotic cells.

Expert Solution

Answer 1: Carl Woese proposed a radical reorganization of the five kingdoms into three domains. In this classification system, Woese placed all four eukaryotic kingdoms (Protista, fungi, Plantae, Animalia) into single domain called Eukarta, also known as Eukaryotes. Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus.

The second domain is Archaea are single-celled organisms that lack nucleus and consist of Extremophiles (halophiles and thermophiles)

The third domain is Bacteria. Bacteria are also single-celled organisms that lack nucleus and consist of proteobacteria, cyanobacteria, spirochaetes, chlamydias and eubacteria.

Answer 2:

Features of prokaryotic organisms:

True membrane-bound nucleus: absent

DNA complexed with histone: absent

Number of chromosomes: one (mostly0

Mitosis and meiosis: absent

Genetic recombination: partial (unidirectional transfer of DNA)

Sterol in plasma membrane: absent (except mycoplasma)

Ribosome: 70S

Unit membrane-bound organelles: absent

Cell wall: present in most of the prokaryotic cells. In eubacteria, it is made of peptidoglycan.

Features of eukaryotic organisms:

True membrane-bound nucleus: present

DNA complexed with histone: present

Number of chromosomes: more than one

Mitosis and meiosis: present

Genetic recombination: by crossing over during meiosis

Sterol in plasma membrane: present

Ribosome: 80S (cytosol) and 70S (organelles)

Unit membrane-bound organelles: present

Cell wall: made up of cellulose in plant and chitin in fungi. Absent in animal cells.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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