Question

Please give genus and species for each answer.

51. When you left for work this morning your 3-month old daughter was wheezing a bit
and she had a slight fever of 99.8 F. Your mother is watching her while you work.
Your cell phone rings, the baby's fever is rising and she is having difficulty
breathing. Your mom is taking her to the hospital. When you get to the hospital
the doctor is signing papers to admit the baby into ICU. The doctor suspects
pneumonia. You are told that the hospital has seen a dozen cases in the past
week. A throat swab is taken from your daughter's nose. They will give the child
supportive therapy, including an inhaled spray, but no antibacterial drugs. What is
the causative agent of this type of pneumonia?

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52. An 18-year-old college freshman complained of a cough, runny nose, and
conjunctivitis. The physician in the campus health center noticed small
lesions in the mouth called Koplik spots. The next day, a confluent red rash covered
his face and neck.

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53. A 6-year-old girl was brought to the pediatrician's office at 4:30 PM because she
had a sore throat, had been unusually tired, and was napping excessively. Her
temperature was 39 C. She had a sore throat with enlarged tonsils and a faint
rash on her back. At 10:30 PM, the patient's mother reported that the child had vomited
three times, continued to nap excessively, and complained of a headache when
awake. The doctor examined the child at 11:30 PM and noted that she was lethargic
and aroused only when her head was turned, complaining that her back hurt. Her CSF
contained no red blood cells, but there were white blood cells, half neutrophils and
half lymphocytes. The glucose and protein levels in the CSF were normal, and gram
stain of specimen of CSF showed no bacteria.

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54. A 35-year-old nurse, developed symptoms of cough, myalgias, headache made worse
by coughing, substernal chest pain, and high fever. She suspected _________?______
because an outbreak was in progress and she had recently cared for several patients
with similar symptoms. During the next three days, she was bedridden because of
weakness and a persistent fever of 103 F. The symptoms gradually resolved over the
next few days without specific treatment. After 7 - 10 days, she was able to resume her
usual activities.

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55. A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with fatigue, nausea, and abdominal
discomfort. He had a slight fever, his urine was dark yellow, and his abdomen was distended and
tender. He had returned from a trip to Thailand within the previous month. He had the proper
vaccinations for the trip. He was diagnosed with hepatitis the most likely causative agent is

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56. A 15-year-old high school student has had a low grade fever and malaise
for several days, followed by sore throat, swollen cervical lymph nodes, and
increasing fatigue. The patient also notes some discomfort in the left upper
quadrant of the abdomen. The sore throat, lymphadenopathy, and fever gradually
resolve over the next two weeks, but the patients full energy level does not return for another 6
weeks. The most likely causative agent is

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57. A 32-year-old woman presents for her routine PAP smear, which shows evidence of
abnormal cells. A biopsy shows squamous cell carcinoma.
The causative agent is most likely

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58. A 32-year-old female veterinarian complained of diarrhea that she had
experienced for 2 weeks. The diarrhea was described as thin, watery,
and non-bloody. The patient described 10-14 diarrheal stools per day, the
frequency of which was not influenced by a variety of over-the-counter
anti-diarrheal medications. Physical examination revealed a well-
developed, well nourished woman who appeared somewhat fatigued and
mildly dehydrated. The workup included a negative HIV serologic test, a
normal sigmoidscope examination, and a negative stool culture for
bacterial pathogens. A microscopic examination of the stool for
white blood cells was negative, as was a test for Clostridium difficile
toxin. A stool specimen was sent for ova and parasite examination and,
after appropriate concentration measures, demonstrated acid-fast
oocysts.

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59. A 33-year-old woman presents with a 3 duration of pain upon urination and increased urinary
frequency. The urine has a strong odor. She has no fever, no abdominal pain, no back pain, no doischarge
or skin rash. She is sexually active and uses oral contraceptives. Microscopic examination of the urine
sediment shows white blood cells and numerous gram-negative bacilli.

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60. A 52-year-female presents with a four month history of upper abdominal pain associated with nausea.
It is worsened by drinking coffee, soda, and alcohol. She has taken over the counter antacids with
temporary relief. She smokes and occasionally drinks. Fecal samples are positive for heme. She is
anemic. Endoscopic tests show diffuse gastritis and a gastric ulcer.

Answer 1

51. Pneumonia is caused by infection of the lungs. This infection can be caused by bacterial or viral pathogens. In this case, the 3-month old daughter was not given any antibacterial drugs which indicate that this pneumonia is of viral origin. Viruses that can cause this conditions are Influenza viruses (A & B), Rhinoviruses, Adenoviruses, Corona viruses. However, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the one which is more common to infants and children.

Ans. Causative agent is Virus of this type of Pneumonia ; the virus is  Human orthopneumovirus.

52. The freshman has infected a contagious infection called as Measles which is an respiratory infection and an airborne disease. Measles is caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus.

Ans. Measles morbillivirus.

53. The girl has the condition called Aseptic Meningitis. It is inflammation of the meninges a membrane that covers brain and spinal cord. It is caused by mycobacteria, spirochetes, viruses, fungi or medications. Since there was no presence of bacteria and the presence of specific symptoms like rash and soreness of throat indicate infection by Enterovirus A or Enterovirus B.

Ans. Enterovirus A or Enterovirus B.