Question

pick between these choices: availability heurisitc, representativeness, gamblers fallacy, or heuristic:

1. Thinking that the probability of a future outcome depends on prior outcomes (when it doesn't), is the ______________________.

2. When there is not enough time, energy, or information to think a decision through logically, then use __________________.

3. Group membership (what category does an individual fit into)? In the Linda problem, subjects used _________________ HEURISTIC.

4. STEREOTYPING IS THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATION OF THE ___________________ HEURISTIC.

5. Any sequence of rolls of the dice should be a random process. Probability never changes in games such spinning a roulette wheel, and to think it does commits the __________.

6. WHY DO WE TEND TO THINK DEATHS FROM HOMICIDE ARE MORE FREQUENT THAN DEATHS FROM DIABETES? HOMICIDE IS MORE FREQUENTLY IN THE NEWS.

7. The film clip of 'The World According to Garp' illustrates the use of _______________________ to make a decision.

Answer 1

• 1.Thinking that the probability of a future outcome depends on prior outcomes (when it doesn't), is the gamblers fallacy.The gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the mistaken belief that, if something happens more frequently than normal during a given period, it will happen less frequently in the future.
• 2.When there is not enough time, energy, or information to think a decision through logically, then use heuristics.A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action. Heuristics are helpful in many situations, but they can also lead to cognitive biases.
• 3.Group membership (what category does an individual fit into)? In the Linda problem, subjects used representiveness HEURISTIC.
• 4.STEREOTYPING IS THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATION OF representativeness HEURISTIC.When faced with uncertainty while trying to make a decision, people often rely on a mental shortcut known as the representativeness heuristic. While this shortcut can speed up the decision-making process, it can also lead to poor choices and stereotypes.The representativeness heuristic is one heuristic that we use when making judgments. In this particular example, we estimate the likelihood of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype that already exists in our minds. Our prototype is what we think is the most relevant or typical example of a particular event or object.
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