1. Which of the following structures is intended to maximize the surface area available for gas...

1. Which of the following structures is intended to maximize the surface area available for gas exchange?

a. Thin membranes lining respiratory organs such as gills and lungs.

b. Multiple infoldings of respiratory surfaces, such as lamellae in gills.

c. Inhaled fresh air is mixed with old air from the previous breathing cycle.

d. Blood circulates in counter current direction to water flow in gills.

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2. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen changes with pH. What is affecting the pH of the blood?

a. The blood changes its pH based on the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved.

b. The blood changes its pH based on the amount of oxygen dissolved.

c. The pH of the blood is adjusted centrally in the hypothalamus.

d. The pH of the blood is constant and never changes.

Expert Solution

b) Multiple infoldings of respiratory surfaces, such as lamellae in gills

Highly branched and folded extensions of the body surface that provide a large surface area for gas exchange with water (maximize A).Because they consist of thin, delicate tissues, they minimize path length (L) traversed by diffusing molecules O2 and CO2

2. a) The blood changes its pH based on the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved.

One mechanism the body uses to control blood pH involves the release of carbon dioxide from the lungs. Carbon dioxide, which is mildly acidic, is a waste product of the processing (metabolism) of oxygen (which all cells need) and, as such, is constantly produced by cells. As with all waste products, carbon dioxide gets excreted into the blood. The blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exhaled. As carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood, the pH of the blood decreases (acidity increases).

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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