Question

1. Use PubMed or another abstract database to find an academic journal article on a health topic of interest to you. Read the article to find the answers to these questions: (a) What was the main study question? (b) Who participated in the study, where did it take place, and when was it conducted? (c) What study design was used? and (d) What was the answer to the main study question?

2. Find a recent news story from the popular press about a newly released health research report. Look up and read the scientific article on which the news report was based. Was the news story accurate? Did it leave out any critical information?

3. Do you identify with a particular ethnic group? Do you know of any health conditions that you are at special risk for because of your ethnic background? Are these conditions genetic? Are they related to health behaviors?

4. What are some of the conditions related to poverty that increase the risk of infectious diseases? Noncommunicable disease? Neuropsychiatric disorders? Injuries?

Answer 1

1. THE CALORIE LABELLING SAGA-FEDERAL PREEMPTION AND DELAYED IMPLEMENTATAION OF PUBLIC HEALTH ACT. a) WHAT WAS THE MAIN STUDY QUESTION? After passing the 2010 Affordable Care Act ( ACA) was a landmark event in health carepolicy and its aim was beyond health care. There law was to include a federal requirement of calorie in their menus and it took 8 years to implement the law. The main study question is " How did this law came to be and why did it take so long to go into effect? b) When the process began, Food and Drug Administration participated in implementing the law. Its process began in New York City in 2006. Research study was conducted to promote better understanding to the public. The calorie-labelling experience a broken regulatory system and some regulations are implemented promptly in accordance with the legislative deadlines. The delays and pending legislation have introduced uncertainity and the law removed at the last minute in 2017 due to unwillingness to reduce the calorie intake in consumers.Public education on cigarettes and limitations on smoking advertisement helps in public understanding and this further helps to improve the diet quality and weight by implementing calorie labelling policy. 2.Obesity is a known risk factor for many cancers. A recent study on cancers reveal that skin cancer is the most common form of cancer due to exposure to sunlight and obesity leads to endometrial, liver, kidney, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. The article related to cancer is efficiently knowledgable and clearly explains about obesity and its risk factors. The analysis on who had undergone obesity surgery or a similar type of control participant programme demonstrated that they had a lower risk of developing melanoma. This findings supports the idea that obesity is a melanoma risk factor, and indicates that weight loss in individuals with obesity can reduce the risk of a deadly form of cancer that has increased steadily in many countries over severald decades. 3. A ethinic group is a category of people who identify witheach other based on similarities such as language, history, society, culture or nation. For instance, cystic fibrosis and chemochromatosis are the diseases which are more common with special groups of people. They are related to genome abnormality -from a discrete mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a gross chromosome abnormality that may be addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. 4. Diseases of poverty is a term that describes the disabilities or diseases more related to poor malnutrition or sanitation facilities. INFECTIOUS DISEASES: MALARIA - it is a parasitic diseases affects the body's immune response to contracting the diseases once exposed and mainly poverty is a contributing factor to HIV infections. NON-COMMMUNICABLE DISEASE: The non- communicable diseases like heart attack, stroke and diabetes in low income people end up their life without proper treatment due to poverty. NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE RELATED TO POVRTY: A decline in social position and financial circumstances over time in people results in depression. This needs a long-term effect on their ability to carry-out day-to- day activities.