Question

Please cite your use of a source

1. Which do you think arose first, in evolution: the virus or the host? Discuss and support your answer.
2. Describe in detail the external components of one specific non-enveloped and one enveloped virus – be sure to include the name of each.
3. .  Explain how an adult who had chickenpox is now at risk for a shingles infection.
4. . Why do Group VI viruses have sense RNA (i.e. (+)ssRNA) that does not act like mRNA when they infect cells?
5. .  A person has antibodies against the measles virus. Identify three (3) ways in which these antibodies could be acquired.

Answer 1

1.Virus-They existed 3.5 billion years before humans evolved on Earth.

Non-enveloped viruses consist of nucleic acid encased in a proteinaceous capsid.

Enveloped virus consist of nucleic acid and capsid proteins surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer envelope and its associated proteins. Glycoproteins embedded in the viral envelope are used to attach to host cells.

2.Anyone who's had chickenpox may develop shingles. After you recover from chickenpox, the virus can enter your nervous system and lie dormant for years. Eventually, it may reactivate and travel along nerve pathways to your skin — producing shingles. But, not everyone who's had chickenpox will develop shingles.

3.A positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus (or (+)ssRNA virus) is a virus that uses positive sense single stranded RNA as its genetic material.The positive-sense viral RNA genome can serve as messenger RNA and can be translated into protein in the host cell.

4.Modes of passive immunity

1.gamma globulin injection

2.Plasma transportation

3.immunoadsorption