Question

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1. Reynolds experiment is used to study flow behavior of fluids by slowly and steadily injecting dye into a pipe. The state of fluid flow will be determined and compared with the results from the calculation of the Reynolds number.
   1. Discuss observations made in the Reynolds number.
   2. Analyze various factors which effect the flow of fluids.

Answer 1

Answer:-

I)Reynolds experiment:

Reynolds described the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a classic experiment in which he examined the behaviour of water flow under different flow velocities using a small stream of dyed water introduced into the centre of clear water flow in a larger pipe.
The larger pipe was glass so the behaviour of the layer of the dyed stream could be observed, and at the end of this pipe there was a flow control valve used to vary the water velocity inside the tube. When the velocity was low, the dyed layer remained distinct through the entire length of the large tube. When the velocity was increased, the layer broke up at a given point and diffused throughout the fluid's cross-section. The point at which this happened was the transition point from laminar to turbulent flow.

From these experiments came the dimensionless Reynolds number for dynamic similarity—the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces.

Reynold give a number can be considered as a boundary between flow faces, this number is a function of , flow velocity , fluid density , pipe diameter , and fluid viscosity , where ;
R= f (V , ρ , υ (or μ ) , D ) …………………….. (1)
and then , R= VDρ/μ or R = VD/υ ;
R= Reynolds No.,
μ = dynamic viscosity ,
υ = kinematic viscosity

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