Question

Think about a health care procedure that you are familiar with.

Review and describe the procedure.

State both the good and potential harmful effects of that procedure.

Explain why the procedure is necessary for the patient.

Answer 1

There are somany medical procedures are there in medical field to provide healthcare to th patient. Among them one of the procedure is coronary angiogram. A coronary angiogram is a procedure that uses X-ray imaging to see your heart's blood vessels. The test is generally done to see if there's a restriction in blood flow going to the heart. Coronary angiograms are part of a general group of procedures known as heart (cardiac) catheterizations.

As usual every procedure, check with the patient about any allergy and medicine take. Empty the bladder. Remove jewels, dentures, contact lenses, eyeglasses. Prepare the radial site of hand and groin.

During procedure an iv line access for giving fluid and mild sedation to relax. Then chest electrodes for continuous cardiac monitoring. Also bpcuff and pulseoxymeter should connect.

The area is washed and disinfected and then numbed with an injection of local anesthetic.

A small incision is made at the entry site, and a short plastic tube (sheath) is inserted into the artery. The catheter is inserted through the sheath into blood vessel and carefully threaded to the heart or coronary arteries.

Threading the catheter shouldn't cause pain, and shouldn't feel it moving through your body. Tell the health care team if have any discomfort.

Dye (contrast material) is injected through the catheter. When this happens, patient may have a brief sensation of flushing or warmth. But again, tellthe health care team if you feel pain or discomfort.

The dye is easy to see on X-ray images. As it moves through your blood vessels, your doctor can observe its flow and identify any blockages or constricted areas. Depending on whatthe doctor discovers during your angiogram, may have additional catheter procedures at the same time, such as a balloon angioplasty or a stent placement to open up a narrowed artery. Other noninvasive tests, such as ultrasound, mayhelp doctor evaluate identified blockages.When the angiogram is over, the catheter is removed from your arm or groin and the incision is closed with manual pressure, a clamp or a small plug.and observe the site for few hours for any bleeding or hematoma. Lie flat for several hours.Then check all the pulses. Especially pedal pulses in case of groin catheterization.

Benefits of angiogram An angiogram can show if the coronary arteries are narrowed, where they are narrowed, and by how much. It can help your doctor see if a change in treatment such as medicines, angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass surgery can improve angina or lower the risk of heart attack or death from heart problems.potential harmful effects of angiogram includes following

Heart attack.
Stroke.
Injury to the catheterized artery.
Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Allergic reactions to the dye or medications used during the procedure.
Kidney damage.
Excessive bleeding.
Infection.

It is necessary for patient for angiogram for following reason

•Symptoms of coronary artery disease, such as chest pain (angina)
•Pain in your chest, jaw, neck or arm that can't be explained by other tests
•New or increasing chest pain (unstable angina)
•A heart defect you were born with (congenital heart disease)
•Abnormal results on a noninvasive heart stress test
•Other blood vessel problems or a chest injury
•A heart valve problem that requires surgery
Because there's a small risk of complications, angiograms aren't usually done until after noninvasive heart tests have been performed, such as an electrocardiogram, an echocardiogram or a stress test.

It is necessary to confirm the coronary arteries free from diseases, thereby we can save our heart from diseases.