Question

What are some spacecraft that aim to study how our Solar System was formed? What studies did each spacecraft conduct?

Answer 1

The Voyager Planetary Mission.

The twin spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA in separate months in the summer of 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. As originally designed, the Voyagers were to conduct closeup studies of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings, and the larger moons of the two planets.

Juno spacecraft

Juno's primary goal is to reveal the story of Jupiter's formation and evolution. Using long-proven technologies on a spinning spacecraftplaced in an elliptical polar orbit, Juno will observe Jupiter's gravity and magnetic fields, atmospheric dynamics and composition, and evolution.

New Horizons

The New Horizons mission is helping us understand worlds at the edge of our solar system by making the first reconnaissance of the dwarf planet Pluto and by venturing deeper into the distant, mysterious Kuiper Belt – a relic of solar system formation.

New Horizons launched on Jan. 19, 2006; it swung past Jupiter for a gravity boost and scientific studies in February 2007, and conducted a six-month-long reconnaissance flyby study of Pluto and its moons in summer 2015, culminating with Pluto closest approach on July 14, 2015. As part of an extended mission, pending NASA approval, the spacecraft is expected to head farther into the Kuiper Belt to examine another of the ancient, icy mini-worlds in that vast region, at least a billion miles beyond Neptune’s orbit.

Parker Solar Probe

It will whip around the sun two dozen times over the next seven years. At its closest, it will skim within some 6 million kilometers (4 million miles) of the star’s surface. That’s more than seven times as close as any previous spacecraft. At its nearest, Parker will hurtle through the outer atmosphere. That’s known as the sun’s corona.

Parker will zip through the corona at about 700,000 kilometers (435,000 miles) per hour. That’s fast enough to skip from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., in about one second. Indeed, Parker will become the fastest human-made object in the solar system.

Others

• Galileo
• Pioneer I
• Pioneer II
• VOYAGER

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