Question

1. Manic episodes associated with the bipolar disorder always involve an elevated, positive mood.

True

False

2. Tardive dyskinesia can occur if people have taken typical antipsychotic medications for years.  

True

False 3. People with schizophrenia seem to have enlarged ventricles in their brain. True False 4. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a popular treatment for mild phobias. True False 5. People suffering from anorexia are found in all cultures in equal numbers, indicating that it has a biological basis and is not a culture-bound syndrome. True False 6. Borderline personality disorder involves lack of remorse and lack of anxiety, and it is more common in men. True False

Answer 1

1. False;its not always positive;Because manic episodes can cause great elation or great irritability, manic episodes can be perceived as pleasant or unpleasant. For some with a grandiose, elated mood, a manic episode is a pleasurable experience. For some though, and sometimes within the same manic episode, a person feels extremely irritable with all those around them. They may feel special and brilliant but be extremely annoyed with others for not understanding their genius. Someone in a manic episode may be particularly angry if their goal-directed behavior is interrupted.
2. True;Tardive dyskinesia is often a side effect of antipsychotic drugs. These drugs work to block dopamine, which is a chemical in the brain that helps control muscle movement.Most of the time, tardive dyskinesia only occurs if a person has taken these medications for a long time. In some cases, however, it can develop soon after starting the medication. It may also occur if the dose is very high.
3. True;People who had greater ventricular enlargement, isolated to certain brain regions, tended to have worse symptoms than those with the schizophrenia who did not have as much ventricular enlargement. The reason for this may be that with increased ventricular enlargement, there is a decrease in white matter within certain regions of the brain. White matter "communicates" brain processes that occur in one part of the brain to other regions of the brain. The areas of the brain that have decreased white matter due to ventricular enlargement are areas that are implicated in the negative symptoms of the schizophrenia exist. Therefore, symptoms such as loss of motivation, social withdrawal, and loss of interest in previously-enjoyed activities may be the result of these brain differences.
4. False;Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is a medical procedure that is used to treat a range of mental illnesses, such as severe depression, catatonia and some forms of mania and schizophrenia. The treatment induces controlled seizures in the person by placing small electrodes at specific locations on the head.

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