Question

1. Poverty is mostly a rural phenomenon in many developing countries. In view of this observation, what policies would you recommend for poverty reduction in developing countries.
2. In 1994, the United Nations provided the human security framework as a wider development and security paradigm. Describe any three of the key characteristics of this paradigm that makes it relevant to the contemporary reality.

Answer 1

Poverty & Human Security
Poverty being a very common problem affecting the developing countries, the policies adopted should be efficient enough to tackle the drawbacks. Human security acts an important role in the level of poverty and welfare of the people. Many countries expose their vulnerabilities in according to their status in human security. The less concentration given to the rural economies have influenced greater in creating problems of poverty even in growing economies. Effective encouragements in agriculture, providing better incentives for farmers, promoting small and medium sized entrepreneurs in the rural market could helps in reducing the level poverty. Social security spending from the part of governments including raised transfer payments for the unemployed could all help in reducing the level of poverty.
The United Nations development program introduced a human security framework which points out the necessary areas to be concentrated to reduce the risk of human security thus increasing the welfare of the people. It includes Economic security, Food security and Health security.
Economic security suggests the need of necessary basic income for individuals. According to UN, only a quarter of the world’s population has human security. The level of unemployment, wages etc. could affect the economic security to individuals.
Food security should get a stable stage helping everyone of the economy to get access to basic food quantity. This suggest for better supply mechanism to avoid the lack of necessary supply. The problem of purchasing power, lack of distribution can all affects the level of food security. Governments should concentrate increasing the purchasing power of poor people and increasing the availability of food in the sector.
Health security refers to the guarantee for minimum level of protection from diseases and lifestyles. Diseases including infections, parasitic diseases are high in developing countries. Providing better health facilities, making the people capable of accessing better health facilities, increasing the standard of living by increasing income and opportunity for employment can all help increasing the health standard of the people