Question

Both adenylyl cyclases and phospholipase C have multiple subtypes and isoforms. Many of these isotypes have tissue-specific activities that may be either activated or inhibited by the same regulatory molecules.

1. How does a genome gain a new isotype and at the same time retain the other isotypes?
2. What is the advantage of having multiple signaling pathways operate through a single signaling complex like adenylyl cyclase?

Answer 1

ANSWER :

These isotypes have tissue-specific activities that may be either activated or inhibited by the same regulatory molecules .

* Isotypes of genes are mainly produced due to duplication of genes,This phenomenon has occured a lot of times during the course of elevation

* This results in the production of a lot of genes that are present in our ancestors and they just got duplicated over a course of time and acquired new function and as result of that both the newly occurred genes still are present along with some previous genes.

* They also formed as a result of polyploidization and sometime nucleotide hybridization when a new variant of the isotype is produced it is acted upon by the natural selection and if the both of them has the same function then one or the other gets destroyed or becomes non functional due to the accumulation of the mutation.

*In some rare cases it is seen that newly produced variant is more efficient than the one one it gets selected and the organism gets a favour and gets selected along with that gene.

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