The magnitude of the liquid-phase diffusivity is much smaller than that of the gas-phase diffusivity -justify...

The magnitude of the liquid-phase diffusivity is much smaller than that of the gas-phase diffusivity -justify the steatment...

Expert Solution

Solution:

Magnitude of the liquid-phase diffusivity is much smaller than that of the gas-phase diffusivity because,

In a gas phase, molecules possess a certain mean velocity depending on the temperature, but their motion is chaotic and in colliding, they change the direction of this motion. However, on the whole, the molecules of the substance migrate at a velocity much lower than the mean velocity of the molecular free motion. The higher the pressure, the denser is the molecule packing, the less is the free-path length, and the slower is the diffusion. The same occurs as molecule mass and size increase. Conversely, elevation of temperature causes an increase in the free-path length, a decrease in the number of collisions, and growth of free-motion velocity. These factors all lead to a speed-up of diffusion with increase in magnitude.

In liquids, molecular diffusion occurs by jumps of the molecules from one position to another; this arises when the energy of the molecule is high enough to rupture the bonds with the neighboring molecules allowing the molecule to move. On average, the jump does not exceed an intermolecular spacing, and since in a liquid this is much less than in a gas, the diffusion is substantially lower. Since a liquid is virtually incompressible, the diffusion rate is independent of pressure.

Hence, magnitude of the liquid-phase diffusivity is much smaller than that of the gas-phase diffusivity.

Amanda K answered 6 months ago

Water changes between solid phase (as ice) and liquid phase at 0℃. and between liquid phase and gas phase (as water vapor) at 100 ℃.

Water changes between solid phase (as ice) and liquid phase at 0℃. and between liquid phase and gas phase (as water vapor) at 100 ℃. Write a program to accept a temperature front keyboard, and display the corresponding water phase (solid, liquid or gas) under that temperature.

In this phase diagram for water, indicate the direction that the solid-liquid and liquid-gas coexistence lines...

In this phase diagram for water, indicate the direction that the solid-liquid and liquid-gas coexistence lines will move after the addition of solute.

why are costs of adjusting prices are an order of magnitude smaller than those associated with...

why are costs of adjusting prices are an order of magnitude smaller than those associated with adjusting quantities. why are adjusting prices a smaller cost compared to adjusting quantities?

1) Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for an ideal gas and ideal liquid: Liquid (Phase A) ↔...

1) Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for an ideal gas and ideal liquid: Liquid (Phase A) ↔ Gas (Phase B) Begin with the equation relating chemical potential of the two phases (?A , ?B ), assuming these phases are at equilibrium (as they are assumed to be along the liquid-gas coexistence curve on a P-T phase diagram) Include all necessary detail in your derivation to demonstrate your understanding. Then, Using the equation you derived in number 1, determine at which pressure...

In the video, you can see that when heat is applied to a solid it is converted into the liquid phase and then into the gas phase.

In the video, you can see that when heat is applied to a solid it is converted into the liquid phase and then into the gas phase. This process can be studied by plotting the graph of temperature versus the time during which heat is applied to the system. Using this information, arrange the average kinetic energy of the molecules for the following options in decreasing order. Rank from the highest to lowest. To rank items as a equivalent, overlap them.

A system is composed of nitrogen gas and gasoline (liquid +vapour). According to the gibbs phase...

A system is composed of nitrogen gas and gasoline (liquid +vapour). According to the gibbs phase rule how many independent properties are required for phase equilibrium?Please show your workings and the steps you took for the calculation. The answer given to me is 2. (By the way can you share with me when do you use generalised and when do we use condensed gibbs phase rule for solving?) I need it for a test.

Why does a gas have more potential energy than a liquid?

he effective size of a population (Ne) can be much smaller than a census count of...

he effective size of a population (Ne) can be much smaller than a census count of individuals (N). Conservation biologists are often interested in estimating the effective population size of species. A) First, briefly explain the concept of effective population size, B) then describe in a sentence or two one factor that might cause the effective population size to be smaller than the census count. C) Finally, why might Ne be of interest to a conservation biologist? How might the...

A phase diagram is a temperature-pressure plot that summarizes the conditions under which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.

A phase diagram is a temperature-pressure plot that summarizes the conditions under which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas. The curves that separate the phases are known as phase boundaries. Each phase boundary represents the equilibrium between the phases on either side of the curve. Identify the components of the phase diagram of water.Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

During a recession when people's incomes drop, grocery chains experience much smaller declines in sales than...

During a recession when people's incomes drop, grocery chains experience much smaller declines in sales than do upscale department stores. Explain this phenomenon using the concept of elasticity.

Question