Question

Please define all.                                                              

EDC/EDD  

Gravid

Parity  

Striae

Braxton Hicks

Linea Nigra

Chadwick’s sign

Amenorrhea

STI’S

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Leopold’s maneuver

Colostrum

Quickening

Lightening

Doppler

Fetoscope

Amniocentesis

Maternal Serum Alpha Fetal Protein(MSAFP)

hCG

LMP

Menarche

Nagle’s rule

Fundal Height

Bishop’s Score

Freidman’s Curve

Cervical dilatation

Effacement

Station

Pap smear

C/SECTION

Progesterone

Amniotic fluid

Trimester

Leukorrhea

Embryo

fetus

Non stress Test (NST)

Contraction Stress Test

Biophysical Profile

Amniotic Fluid Index

Vertex

Breech

Corpus Luteum

Estimated Fetal weight

Ptylism

Pica

Fetal Fibronectin

amniosure

                               

Apgars

Moro reflex

Ballard scale

Caput

Erythema toxicum

Lanugo

Acrocyanosis

Meconium

Gastroschisis

Anacephaly

Oomphalacele

Meningocele,

myelomeningocele

Bulb syringe

Vitamin K

Erythromycin ophthalmic

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing osteochondritis

FOC- Frontal Occipital Circumference (Head Circumference)

tortocolisis

Ballard scale

Involuation/subinvolution

Answer 1

1. EDC/EDD  - The Estimated Date of Confinement (EDC), also known as expected date of delivery/estimated due date (EDD) or simply due date, is a term describing the estimated delivery date for a pregnant woman. Normal pregnancies last between 37 and 42 weeks.
2. Gravid - It can refer to a female who is literally pregnant, and it also has the figurative meanings of pregnant:
3. Parity - gravidity and parity are the number of times a female is or has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity).
4. Striae is the medical term for stretch marks. These are irregular areas of skin that look a lot like bands or streaks. ... The most common sites that striae appear are on the breasts, thighs, buttocks, hips, flank and abdomen.
5. Braxton Hicks- spontaneous, irregular, and painless contractions beginning in first trimester and lasting until the end.
6. Linea nigra (Latin for "black line"), better known as pregnancy line, is a dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen in about three quarters of all pregnancies. The brownish streak is usually about a centimeter in width. The line runs vertically along the midline of the abdomen from the pubis to the umbilicus, but can also run from the pubis to the top of the abdomen
7. Chadwick’s sign- bluish-purplish coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix; probable sign of pregnancy
8. Amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiological states of amenorrhoea are seen, most commonly, during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding),
9. Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
10. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and electrolyte disturbance. Mild cases are treated with dietary changes, rest, and antacids. More severe cases often require a stay in the hospital so that the mother can receive fluid and nutrition through an intravenous line
11. Leopold’s Maneuvers are methods to determine position, presentation and engagement of fetus. Leopold's maneuvers (Leopold Handgriffe) are named after Christian Gerhard Leopold,a German Obstetrician who lived from 1846 to 1911. The Leopold maneuvers are usually done by the doctor placing her two hands on the pregnant uterus to determine the poisition of the fetus and it's possible size.
12. Colostrum is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including many humans) immediately following delivery of the newborn. Most species will generate colostrum just prior to giving birth. Colostrum contains antibodies to protect the newborn against disease.
13. Quickening is the moment in pregnancy when the pregnant woman starts to feel or perceive fetal movements in the uterus.
14. Lightening - the descent of the uterus into the pelvic cavity, occurring toward the end of pregnancy, changing the contour of the abdomen and facilitating breathing by lessening pressure under the diaphragm.
15. Doppler in Obstetrics. Color Doppler plays a vital role in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac defects and in the assessment of the hemodynamic responses to fetal hypoxia and anemia.
16. Fetoscope: A device used to obtain information about a fetus within the uterus. There are two types of fetoscopes: A fiberoptic scope for looking directly at the fetus within the uterus and a stethoscope designed for listening to the fetal heart beat.
17. . Amniocentesis -a surgical procedure for obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in the uterus of a pregnant woman by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall, used in diagnosing certain genetic defects or possible obstetric complications
18. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP): The presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , a plasma protein normally produced by the fetus, in the mother's blood. MSAFP serves as the basis for some valuable tests
19. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation. The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests (HCG pregnancy strip tests).
20. LMP: Abbreviation for "last menstrual period." By convention, pregnancies are dated in weeks starting from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP).
21. Menarche the first menstrual period; the establishment of menstruation..
22. Nagle's algorithm is a means of improving the efficiency of TCP/IP networks by reducing the number of packets that need to be sent over the network. It was defined by John Nagle while working for Ford Aerospace. It was published in 1984
23. Fundal height is generally defined as the distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus measured in centimeters.
24. Bishop's score, known as cervix score is a pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required. It has also been used to assess the likelihood of spontaneous preterm delivery.
25. Freidman’s Curve= the Friedman’s Curve, used as the gold standard for rates of cervical dilation and fetal descent during active labour
26. Cervical dilation (or cervical dilatation) is the opening of the cervix, the entrance to the uterus, during childbirth, miscarriage, induced abortion, or gynecological surgery. Cervical dilation may occur naturally, or may be induced by surgical or medical means.
27. Effacement is the process by which the cervix prepares for delivery. After the baby has engaged in the pelvis, it gradually drops closer to the cervix. The cervix will gradually soften, shorten and become thinner.
28. Fetal station refers to where the presenting part is in your pelvis. The presenting part. The presenting part is the part of the baby that leads the way through the birth canal. Most often, it is the baby's head, but it can be a shoulder, the buttocks, or the feet.
29. Pap smear= a method for the early detection of cancer especially of the uterine cervix that involves the staining of exfoliated cells using a special technique which differentiates diseased tissue — called also Papanicolaou smear, Papanicolaou test, Pap test.
30. Cesarean delivery — also known as a C-section — is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the mother's abdomen and uterus
31. Progesterone. : a female steroid sex hormone C₂₁H₃₀O₂ that is secreted by the corpus luteum to prepare the endometrium for implantation and later by the placenta during pregnancy to prevent rejection of the developing embryo or fetus;
32. The amniotic fluid is the protective liquid contained by the amniotic sac of a gravid Amniote. This fluid serves as a cushion for the growing fetus, but also serves to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, water, and biochemical products between mother and fetus.
33. Trimester - a period of three months; especially one of the three three-month periods into which human pregnancy is divided.
34. Leukorrhea or (leucorrhoea British English) is a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge. There are many causes of leukorrhea, the usual one being estrogen imbalance. ...
35. An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism. In general, in organisms that reproduce sexually, an embryo develops from a zygote, the single cell resulting from the fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell.
36. A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms. In human development, a fetus or foetus (/?fi?t?s/; plural fetuses or foetuses) is a prenatal human between the embryonic state and birth.
37. A nonstress test (NST) is a screening test used in pregnancy. A cardiotocograph is used to monitor the fetal heart rate.
38. A contraction stress test (CST) is basically a way of making sure your baby's healthy enough to withstand the stresses of labor and delivery, since contractions during labor reduce blood flow and oxygen to your baby.
39. A biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being involving a scoring system, with the score being termed Manning's score. It is often done when a non-stress test (NST) is non reactive, or for other obstetrical indications.
40. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a quantitative estimate of amniotic fluid and an indicator of fetal well-being. It is a part of the biophysical profile. AFI is the score (expressed in cm) given to the amount of amniotic fluid seen on ultrasonography of a pregnant uterus.
41. Vertex= In a vertex presentation, the top of the baby's head comes first at delivery. The vertex here refers specifically to the top of the head The word "vertex" in Latin means a "whirlpool, whirlwind."
42. A breech birth occurs when a baby is born bottom first instead of head first. Around 3-5% of pregnant women at term (37–40 weeks pregnant) will have a breech baby. Most babies in the breech position are born by a caesarean section because it is seen as safer than being born vaginally.
43. Corpus luteum, yellow hormone-secreting body in the female reproductive system. It is formed in an ovary at the site of a follicle, or sac, that has matured and released its ovum, or egg, in the process known as ovulation. ... The corpus luteum secretes estrogens and progesterone.
44. Estimated Fetal weight - the measured heaviness of a baby when born,= Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC) are essential parameters for the estimation of prenatal fetal weight,
45. Hypersalivation (also called ptyalism or sialorrhea) is excessive production of saliva. It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva.
46. Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as the persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances for at least 1 month at an age for which this behavior is developmentally inappropriate. It may be benign or may have life-threatening
47. Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a fibronectin protein produced by fetal cells. It is found at the interface of the chorion and the decidua (between the fetal sac and the uterine lining).
48. Amnisure- Premature rupture of membrane (PROM): PROM is a common complication of pregnancy in which the amniotic sac breaks prior to the onset of labor but at or after 37 weeks of gestation. The causes of premature rupture of membrane vary, though the condition occurs in 8-10% of pregnancies
49. Apgar stands for "Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration." In the test, five things are used to check a baby's health.
50. The Moro reflex is an infantile reflex normally present in all infants/newborns up to 3 or 4 months of age as a response to a sudden loss of support, when the infant feels as if it is falling.
51. The Ballard Maturational Assessment, Ballard Score, or Ballard Scale is a commonly used technique of gestational age assessment. It assigns a score to various criteria, the sum of all of which is then extrapolated to the gestational age of the fetus.
52. “Caput succedaneum” refers to swelling, or edema, of an infant's scalp that appears as a lump or bump on their head shortly after delivery. This condition is harmless and is due to pressure put on the infant's head during delivery
53. Erythema toxicum neonatorum (also known as erythema toxicum, urticaria neonatorum and toxic erythema of the newborn) is a common rash in neonates. It appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2–5 after birth; it does not occur outside the neonatal period.
54. Lanugo: Downy hair on the body of a fetus or newborn baby. Lanugo is the first hair to be produced by the fetal hair follicles, and it usually appears on the fetus at about 5 months of gestation. ... This is not a cause for concern: Lanugo disappears of its own accord within a few days or weeks.
55. Acrocyanosis is persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the extremities, most commonly occurring in the hands, although it also occurs in the feet and distal parts of face.
56. Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant. Unlike later feces, meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water.
57. Gastroschisis: A birth defect in which there is a separation in the abdominal wall. Through this opening protrudes part of the intestines which are not covered by peritoneum (the membrane that normally lines the inside of the abdomen).
58. Anencephaly: A neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th days of pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp.
59. Omphalocele, also called exomphalos, is a rare abdominal wall defect in which the intestines, liver and occasionally other organs remain outside of the abdomen in a sac because of failure of normal return of intestines and other contents back to abdominal cavity during around ninth week of intrauterine development.
60. Meningocele is a type of spina bifida.
61. A myelomeningocele (pronounced my-elo-men-IN-go-seal) is a defect of the backbone (spine) and spinal cord. Myelomeningocele, also known as meningomyelocele, is the type of spina bifida that often results in the most severe complications. In individuals with myelomeningocele, the unused portion of the spinal column allows the spinal cord to protrude through an opening.
62. Bulb syringe - standard practice to perform oronasopharyngeal suctioning with a bulb syringe immediately after delivery
63. Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones
64. Erythromycin - This medication is used to treat certain eye infections (such as conjunctivitis). It is also used to prevent certain eye infections in newborns. It belongs to a class of drugs known as macrolide antibiotics. Erythromycin works by stopping the growth of bacteria. .
65. Necrotizing enterocolitis- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease that develops when the tissue in the inner lining of the small or large intestine becomes damaged and begins to die. This causes the intestine to become inflamed. .
66. Necrotizing osteochondritis- Osteochondritis is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed. It often refers to osteochondritis dissecans the term dissecans refers to the "creation of a flap of cartilage that further dissects away from its underlying subchondral attachments (dissecans)".
67. FOC- Frontal Occipital Circumference (Head Circumference)- Head circumference calculator. - circumference is measured with a tape measure extending from the middle of the forehead to the farthest part in the rear of the head, Measurement should be done using a strong flexible tape
68. Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is a dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes. The term torticollis is derived from the Latin words tortus for twisted and collum for neck.
69. The Ballard Maturational Assessment, Ballard Score, or Ballard Scale is a commonly used technique of gestational age assessment. It assigns a score to various criteria, the sum of all of which is then extrapolated to the gestational age of the fetus.
70. Subinvolution is a medical condition in which after childbirth, the uterus does not return to its normal size. Involution is complete at around 6 weeks postpartum, the uterus is more or less its normal size but the endometrial cavity remains larger than in the virgin state. The blood vessels are also more tortuous, and its muscular layers are more defined.