Question

2. Why does the production of metabolic wastes affect the fluid balance of an animal’s body?

3. Describe the three types of nitrogenous wastes produced by animals in terms of their relative toxicity and corresponding energy costs to produce. How are these waste products related to the environments of the animals that produce them?

4. Distinguish between osmoregulators and osmoconfomers.

Answer 1

2. Ans- Metabolic waste is the left over products of both catabolism and anabolism. This waste includes salts, phosphates, sulphates, excess substances, and nitrogenous wastes like urea which are eliminated through urine.

An accumulation of waste may be toxic to cells and so metabolic wastes must be removed from the body to maintain homeostasis. Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled. A constant supply is needed to replenish the fluids lost through normal physiological activities, such as respiration, perspiration and urination. If metabolic wastes are not continually removed, their concentration will increase, thus altering the body's internal environment- inhibiting enzyme function and reducing the rates of metabolism. Animals body cells produce water and carbon dioxide as by-products of metabolic breakdown of sugars, fats and proteins.The continuous production of metabolic wastes affect the fluid balance establishes a steep concentration gradient across the plasma membrane, causing wastes to diffuse out of cells into the extracellular fluids.

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