Question

(The second number indicates the chapter from which the question was taken (e.g., 3.1 means it is the third of ten essay questions and the answer to the question can be found in Chapter 1. )Depending upon the requirements of the question, your response to each should be a minimum of five sentences.)

Chapter 11-15 Essay Questions

1.11 Describe the typical steps followed in a grievance case.

2.11 Grievance arbitration procedures are often very costly and time-consuming. What are some of the alternatives to this process in the union sector?

3.12 Give a brief overview of how participation programs evolved in the union sector from the 1970s on.

4.12 How do labor leaders and unions generally view employee ownership?

5.13 What factors contributed to the growth of public sector unions and public sector collective bargaining in the 1960s?

6.13 Describe the reforms that have taken place in public education in the late 1990s. Discuss the reasons for these reforms.

7.14 Briefly describe how codetermination works in Germany.

8.14 What are some of the factors that make it difficult for unions to coordinate their efforts across national borders?

9.15 What are some of the key components of the current U.S. labor policy?

10.15 Describe the key features of the new labor policy advocated by the authors.

Answer 1

Please use the following points as reference and elaborate these to answer the essay question:

Follow the instructions to effectively answer the given questions:

1.11

• Define what is a grievance case. Give example to clarify.

Mention the steps. The typical steps followed in a grievance case are:

1. The employee or worker with the grievance expresses it before his immediate supervisor either informally or through a formal written grievance form.

2. The validity of the grievance is reviewed by the supervisor or union representative

3. The grievance is taken to the next level supervisor by the union representative.

4. The next step will take place if the grievance is not solved by then. The grievance will reach the highest level of management to be resolved.

5. If the grievance remains unresolved by all these levels in the company then an arbitrator from outside of the company is called for the process to be completed.

2.11

• Give a general introduction to support the fact that there is a level of expenditure to be made to conduct grievance arbitration procedures. State the fee of arbitrator and expenses to conduct the meetings such as meeting rooms etc. should be borne by the parties.
• Now give the alternatives to avoid cost and time loss. An explanation is given for reference.

To avoid the costly and time taking procedures of arbitration in a grievance it is better to resolve it informally. An oral discussion of the employee and immediate supervisor on the grievance and the ways it can be resolved will save time and money. Avoiding situations that rise grievances in the work place is the best and foremost solution. But if at all they arise then an informal oral settlement is the best alternative than involving in arbitration.

3.12

• State what is meant by participation programs. Give a general explanation. State the terms that were necessary to take part in participation programs at the time of advent. These terms should be specified by the concerned authorities. Give proper reference to support your claims.

• Now state the most recent guidelines.

• Compare both and make necessary conclusions to support your answer.

4.12

• State what is meant by employee ownership. Give a general explanation.

• Employee ownership: Arrangement in which employees of any company are provided shares in company stock.

• Now state the viewpoints of labor leaders on employee ownership. Give certain examples to support your answer. For reference, one can say that labor leaders show an inclination towards employee ownership because this give them a stronger hold in company decision making. Mention why labor leaders focus on a particular type of behavior.

• Similarly, give opinion of labor unions on employee ownership. Give examples showing certain behavioral characteristics.

5.13

This is simple to explain. State the factors which led to formation of public sector unions and public sector collective bargaining in 1960s.

• Explain the factors such as political lobbying, influencing decision making in the companies, to negotiate more generous pay and benefits packages etc. Explain these factors in details.

6.13

• Define public education first.
• State the reforms such as Shift to outcome-based education (OBE).
• State the standards-based National Education Goals (Goals 2000)
• School-to-work reform.

Give a proper explanation on these reforms to support your answer.

7.14

• State the meaning of co-determination.

• Give example to support your answer and make it clearer.

• Now quote various situations which depict the codetermination usage in Germany. An example for reference. State the importance of codetermination in Germany. State that it helps employees to raise their voice in the company decision making. Mention the usage of this as an instrument for enhancing the productivity of the employee. Give proper examples to support the claims.
  

8.14

State what does unions do. Give certain examples to back up the facts.

Now state the hindrances faced by unions to coordinate the efforts at national levels. State the following points:

1. Small Size

2. Poor Finance

3. Politicization

4. Multiplicity of Unions

5. Lack of Enlightened Labor Force

6. Miscellaneous Problems

Give a detailed explanation for each of these points to make your point. Be sure to give examples.

9.15

State what is the current US labor policy. Give a detailed explanation. Now state the important components which play a vital role. The mentioned factors should be supplied with examples.

Key components of the policy are:

• Working conditions
• Federal intervention on behalf of workers.
• Right of labors etc.

10.15

• State what a labor policy is. State the recent labor policy. Give all the aspects. Mention what all changes have been made from the replaced policy.

• Note that the key features will be similar to the existing policies. Just mention why certain changes have been made. These reasons will be stated as the key features of the new policy.

• Some examples are:

Division of labor classes.

Rights of labors

Work timings etc.

• Give a proper and detailed explanation to support your answer. Be sure to provide examples.