There is a long history of the use of child soldiers. Discuss
how the use of...
There is a long history of the use of child soldiers. Discuss
how the use of child soldiers has changed in modern times.
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In combat, children are easier to train; they can be daring and
tenacious, particularly when under the influence of drugs – a
common practice. Children are used as combatants, scouts,
messengers, minesweepers, bomb-makers and suicide bombers. Girls,
furthermore, might be forced to be the armed groups’ sex slaves, or
‘wives’ as they call them. They often serve as cooks and porters.
Girls are said to make up an estimated 40% of all child soldiers
(War Child). In countries such as Colombia, illegal armed groups
insert IUDs and offer mandatory injections to prevent girls from
getting pregnant.
The United Nations Office for Children and Armed Conflict’s
last annual report presented information about grave violations
committed against children in 23 conflict situations, where at
least 49 armed groups are said to have been responsible for these
violations. These violations include recruitment and use of
children, sexual violence against children, killing and maiming of
children, attacks on schools and/or hospitals and attacks.
Maoist “Naxalite” rebels in Chhattisgarh use children as
soldiers. The Maoists induct children as young as six into
children’s associations and use children as young as 12 in armed
squads that receive weapons training and may participate in armed
encounters with government security forces.
The South Sudan government has pledged to end its use of child
soldiers, but continues to recruit children and has not yet
demobilized all children from its forces.
Government forces have recruited children as young as 14. Prior
to the Arab Spring, the government used children in its armed
forces to fight Huthi rebels in the north, who also used children.
In 2011, rebel forces in Taizz deployed children to patrol roads
and operate checkpoints.
Estimates suggest that as many as 300,000 child soldiers are
active in conflicts around the world. 40% of armed forces
(including national armies, militias, gangs, terrorist
organizations and resistance forces) in the world use
children.
The good news is that most states and some non-state armed
groups now recognise the harm that recruiting children causes.
Between 2001 and 2016, the number of countries restricting
their military to adults has grown from 83 to 126, which is 71 per
cent of states with armed forces. At least 60 non-state armed
groups have also committed to stop or reduce their recruitment of
children. Thanks to this progress, combined with some strengthening
of international law, the so-called ‘Straight 18’ standard is
slowly becoming the norm: no recruitment of anyone under the age of
18.
According to a report 49% of all eligible soldiers use their GI
Bill for themselves. A spouse believes it is lower than that. She
did a survey of 33 soldiers and of that, 12 have used their
benefits already and 5 are currently using their benefits. The
others have transferred their education benefits to their spouse or
children. Does the evidence support the spouse’s claim that using a
0.05 level of significance, more than 51% of eligible soldiers
transfer their...
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