Question

can you give me a conceptual framework on the research topic "Impact Of Variation Order in Construction Project?"

Answer 1

Variation order (VO) is generally a phenomenon, which is a deviation experienced in any project from base contract. Once variation order is occurred, then it causes disputes and dissatisfactions between the contractors, parties, clients involved in the specific project. Generally, variation order is caused due to some of the following reasons,

Sometimes, there is seen conflicts among the contract documents. During the project construction phase, change of schedule is one of the major cause for variation order. If working drawing details are not sufficient then it will lead to VO. if there is seen any type of owner's financial problem, then it may lead to VO. Unavailability of equipment can affect the project completion. lack of skilled manpower can delay the project duration. Defective workmanship can lead to demolition. Rework of the project often cause project variation order. Lack of adequate design also leads to VO. Similarly, there are many reasons for which project variation order is caused.

variation order in construction project has its impact/effects too.

VO causes delay in achieving the targeted goals during construction project work. it causes in increment of project cost. Quality of projects is affected adversely due to VO. variation order in construction project requires some extra or new equipment and materials, which is a responsible cause for logistics delay.

Rank of causes and effects of variation order is assigned based on Average Index (AI) value calculated based on
following formula below:(the causes corresponding to highest AI is given rank 1 and other causes follow ranks 2,3,4,5 etc.)
Average Index = ∑ ((1a+2b+3c+4d+5e)/?)

where a,b,c,d,e denotes the number of respondents for not, Slightly, Moderately, Very, Extremely significant respectively. N is number of respondents.

The AI value can be calculated for clients, contractors, consultants. If the rank is 1 then it means the VO occurs very often due to that specific cause. As the rank increases, it represents that the causes are often, sometimes, rarely respectively. We can also perform principle component analysis(PCA) from the above results.

for more information, here is one journal for your reference

[Memon, Aftab & Abdul Rahman, Ismail & Faris Abul Hasan, Mohamad. (2014). Significant Causes and Effects of Variation Orders in Construction Projects. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 7. 4494-4502. 10.19026/rjaset.7.826.]