Question

Please explain how apoptosis affect and form breast cancer, what factors are contributed to breast cancer formation?

Answer 1

When there is a balance between proliferation of cells and apoptosis , Normal development of breast occurs.

.during breast development there is

Differentiation

Proliferation process

In breast cancer -changes in apoptotic regulatory proteins by estrogen and progesterone

Most apoptotic changes occurs in lobular unit of terminal duct of breast.

So we can say that-

Tumor form because of

Uncontrolled proliferation

Reduced apoptosis

Imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis responsible for tumor formation after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy .

. For tumor development there will be carcinogenesis in epithelial tissues

.Accumulation of genetic mutation

.Loss of normal functions of cell

.Change in phenotype

.Pre malignant phase - major alterations in apoptosis, proliferation and regulatory Bismark erst of cell cycle .

.Malignant lesion in the breast

Relation between Prognosis and apoptosis

Low levels of apoptosis - poor Prognosis

High levels of apoptosis - decrease in survival of women.

It is seen that , there is increase in apoptosis within 24 hours of chemotherapy.

Most aggressive tumors - have high rate of apoptosis and proliferation.

Factors contributed to breast cancer formation

That is risk factors are -

.Early menstrual period-

if menstrual cycle gets started before 12 years of age they are exposed to hormones longer.

.Late or no pregnancy -

late , at the age of 30 ,never having full term pregnancy increase risk of developing of breast cancer.

.Old age - after 50

.Genetic mutation - inherited mutations accumulate

.Physical inactivity

.No lactation

.Obese women

.Dense breast- having more connective tissues and fatty tissues, and sometimes it is hard to see tumors.

.Use of combination hormone therapy

.Taking oral contraceptive pills

.Family history of breast cancer.

.Alcohol abuse.