Question

Entrepreneurship in Action

Who Bears the Loss for a Shipment of Missing Watches?

On March 4, Pedro Pestana, a resident of Chetumal, Mexico, entered into a contract in which he agreed to purchase from the Karinol Corporation, a company based in Miami, Florida, 64 watches for $6,006. An employee of Karinol Corporation wrote the contract in Spanish, and at the bottom of the agreement was a notation that said, “Please send the merchandise in cardboard boxes duly strapped with metal bands via air parcel post to Chetumal. Documents to Banco de Commercio De Quintano Roo S.A.” The contract contained no provisions for allocating the risk of loss on the goods sold while they were in transit; it also did not include any specific shipping terms (such as F.O.B., F.A.S., C.I.F., or others). Pestana paid Karinol a 25 percent deposit on the watches prior to their shipment.

On April 11, a Karinol employee took the watches, which were packaged in two cardboard cartons, to the freight forwarding company that Karinol typically used to make international shipments, American International Freight Forwarders. Karinol also purchased insurance on the watches from the Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York. An employee of American International Freight Forwarders put metal straps on the two cartons of watches and delivered the packages to TACA International Airlines for shipment to Belize City, Belize, where Bernard Smith, an agent for Pestana, was to pick them up and take them to Pestana in Chetumal.

On April 15, the packages arrived in Belize City. TACA International Airlines placed them in storage in a customs warehouse and notified Smith that the packages were available for pickup. On May 2, Smith picked up the packages, which were still bound by the metal straps specified in the original contract, but when he opened them for customs officials to inspect, the watches were missing. Pestana contacted Karinol Corporation about the missing watches, but a manager at Karinol told Pestana that Karinol had no liability for the lost watches and that Pestana must bear the loss and requested payment of the remaining $4,504 balance due. Pestana filed a lawsuit against Karinol Corporation, claiming that the watches were lost or stolen while the packages were in Karinol’s care. He also cited the notation at the bottom of the contract that required Karinol to ship the watches “to Chetumal,” which Karinol failed to do. Therefore, Pestana claimed, Karinol Corporation should bear the loss of the watches.

Answer the following questions:

What mistakes did Karinol Corporation and Pedro Pestana make when they created the contract for the sale of the watches?

In the absence of an agreement on risk of loss and specific shipping terms in the parties’ contract, what kind of contract will the court rule this is?

Who will prevail in this case?

What could the losing party have done to protect against the loss or theft of the watches?

Write a 1-2 page paper detailing the above questions, and be sure to cite your references.

Answer 1

The mistakes which were committed by Karinol Corporation and Pedro Pestana are mainly associated with the formation of a contract for the sales of watches which was made as per the guidelines of General Contract Law,. As per this law, both the parties to the contracts have a contractual obligation to fulfil the terms and conditions with the help of substantial performance. If the performance is not as per the terms and conditions mentioned in the contract, the contract can be stated as invalid, therefore, there is an obligation of Pedro Pestana to notify Karinol Corporation about the absence of watches.

There will be no responsibility in the absence of any agreement on loss risks and certain shipping terms in the contract to parties. In these types of contracts, the ruling of the court should be based on master contract for usual orders and ensure the information about the proper and timely delivery of the watches should be provided time to time following the contract’s terms and conditions. The contract will come into practice on the last date when all the parties to the contract sign it.

The indemnity will prevail for Pedro Pestana which will hold responsible for the loss and damages. The liability will be on the seller for the loss and he will have to defend himself against the indemnity. The protection must be provided to the buyers against any kind of losses and harms under the seller’s goods. The seller cannot be held responsible for any kind of misuse, mishandling and ill-treatment of the product by the buyer.

In order to prevent the losses, proper insurance of watches must be done which can protect Karinol Corporation. If the road or shipping conditions are not within the human control, then the seller will be relieved from any kind of obligations related to shipping and transportation issues.

References

Treitel, G. H. (2003). The law of contract. Sweet & Maxwell.

Fuller, L. L., & Braucher, R. (1964). Basic contract law. West Pub. Co..