Question

Theories (What is the main claim of each? Which is a sub-type of which? Which figures are associated with each?) Utilitarianism Consequentialism Deontology Kantian Ethics Virtue Ethics (Hursthouse) Hedonism Stoicism Ethics of Care Aristotelian Virtue Ethics

Answer 1

1. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility. The tradition of utilitarianism properly began with Bentham, and has included John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, R. M. Hare, David Braybrooke, and Peter Singer. Utilitarianism is a subtype of consequentialism.

2. Consequentialism refers to the set of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct.

3. Deontology is the normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on rules, duties and obligations. The term was first used by C. D. Broad.

4. Kantian ethics is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will and an action can only be good if the principle behind it is duty to the moral law. The theory is ascribed to Immanuel Kant. Kantian ethics is a subtype of deontology.

Please post the other questions separately.